Change Management Case. The transformation of XYZ construction Case Study

Change Management . The switch of XYZ construction - face Study ExampleThese stages of implementation were such details that the personality issue also came into consideration. Slow measurement and proper understanding also teaching the people to understand about the necessity of change which requires in the company, and they accepted the change with different training and other participation in continuous stags. 2. Identify and apologize the case riddle. In this case, we apprise see the challenge of organizational culture to suit with the stakeholders, like contractors/ suppliers / grinder contractors. This is the problem where the company really has to change the strategy to fit into the existing pattern. Some group may lose out if the change while, other may not. Considering the adaptability of the stake holder, also the change of the organizational transformation needs to be implemented by precise stages. This identifying stages need to be like, a) Identify the common f ield of operations of the new cultural or behavioral change with the existing practice, b) Dissecting the function about their gap to kick the stake holders analyze the requirement to fit the new change in the organizational culture or behavior. c) Feasibility of the part, which is unable to cope with the living elements within the organization d) Training and acquirement developed locomote to cope with new change and handle the stakeholders accordingly these initiatives can identify and pardon the problems in the case. 3. ... Also this tension volition create underperformance among the employee. Then the customer will not deliver the similar services or product facilities, and then the company will be under holy terror to make profit. When the situation requires the change the strategy and the policy may need to adjust with the interest and the train of resistance to the changes by the existing stake holders. Coping with their capacity and involvement with the business, com pany should pay emergence and understanding talk to the parties for the smooth environment to implement the strategy. 4. Who does the problem affect? 1. Existing employee performance,-This problem will create a stress among the employee and searching or to know about the change they will conciliate awaiting than continuing regular flow of work. 2. Contractors/suppliers,- This problem of change may cause the contractor to follow abstruse path, which may not give precise supporting. 3. Board of directors- Loosing the operating harmony, implementing this strategy can be core point to have momentum for the entire organization this can be huge put on the line for the board. 4. Managing bodies or investors- From the disruptive operation, the return from this venture or investment can be vulnerable which can reduce the return or interest from the business. 4. Analyze the case from the perspective of a theory of organizational change. Theories and models are presented in the textbook in chapters 3, 4, and 7 - 10. Explain how the theory guides your thinking about the problem described in the case. Porras (1987) model of organization change- This theory can help to explore the action steps where the change in the organization fits and how it can work out understanding the core nature of the scar up. The model is based on open

Carbon Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

degree centigrade Tax - Essay ExampleThat is to say firms have decided to go green in the star that they have had to make some changes in their industries to avoid the heavy tax imposed on them overdue to the carbon dioxide emissions (Yamin, 2005, p.244)Firstly, the firms have decided to switch to the enjoyment of windmills and solar panels for the generation of electricity, which are energy conservation equipment and facilities and are less polluting sources of energy. Also, due to the introduction of the carbon tax, firms have decided to dispose of hydroflouralcarbon (HFC) refrigerators that are healthful known to produce more greenhouse gases than any other fridge. They have decided to replace them with earthy refrigeration systems that are commercially available. In addition, due to these taxes, extremely expensive firms have decided to acquaint their employees at least one day in a week to reduce carbon emissions from cars hence, lessen global warming (Piersall, 2007, p.65)Firms have also made a decision of moving to a paperless technology, which requires memory electronic records and this makes work easier, and it is perfect for the forests. The firms have also resorted to planting of trees around their companies, which will help gas in the Carbon dioxide, in the air. There is the introduction of virtual meeting in most firms and these is through through online conferencing that is free and easy to use, it saves on time and reduces the use of cars to arrive at the meeting. Also, most firms are now using the electronic mails instead of the traditional mail by posters and this has also reduced the use of papers hence, being friendly to the environment (Piersall, 2007, p.65).Carbon tax will make the Australian companies encounter difficulty in competing with other nations in the region. It means the companies are locked in because they do have the excerption of taking their business offshore. There will also be a significant impact on small and medium

Freedom vs. Predestination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Freedom vs. Predestination - Essay ExampleIn this context, the supernatural being has unlimited spot and knowledge to control all of the human actions. On the other hand, freedom of human actions amounts to their free depart that is the ability of an individual to act at his discretion exclusive of the constraints of fate (Thiroux & Krasemann, 2011). The above analysis clearly indicates the incompatibility of the human free go out with the idea of an all-knowing supernatural being.Our inborn talent is an dainty example of predestination. The talents and gifts that we have are all the doing of a spiritual or cosmic force that is beyond us. However, we have control over the process of discovering and nurturing those talents. The choice of our backgrounds and families are issues that are beyond our control too. A poor background is the result of predestination but getting ourselves out of the poverty is a cognizant decision (Thiroux & Krasemann, 2011).The current capitalist nature of our fraternity increases our individual responsibility to both the state and our cub human beings. The theory of free will is more applicable in todays society rather than predestination. State laws, legislations and policies govern our actions and as such we may only exercise our free will to a limited level. Our conscience comes into greater play by constantly reminding us of what is good and what is loathsomeness (Thiroux & Krasemann,

Imformative Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Imformative Speech - Essay ExampleIt is not acknowledge as a separate breed by the American Kennel Club.Since APBTs are popular for their agility, the great unwashed make them competitors for dog fighting games. These prove to be very(prenominal) stubborn and persistent players, and show unforgiving obedience to their masters. However, APBTs need training for play and socialization otherwise, they can prove to be a humble tricky to handle due to their strength, stubbornness, and agility.APBTs prove to be very playful with children. That is why people withal allow them in their homes. Appropriate training makes them very polite with the children. They waggle their tails to show enjoyment when guests arrive. They are also very loyal to their masters. They can give their lives to save their masters.To conclude, APBTs are very obedient, playful, gentle, and persistent in nature. Their agility makes people make them participate in games. Their gentleness is a cogitate why people al low them with their children. Thus, they are a very popular breed among American

Answers to Finance Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answers to Finance Questions - seek ExampleFrom this paper it is clear that since the Glass-Seagull Act that clearly defined the functions of investment banks, there has been several changes that wee-wee occurred in investment bank activities over the last few decades. These changes have been occasioned by market forces and restrictive requirements. Since the repeal of the Glass-Seagull Act in 1999, there has been increased competition in the investment banks sector payable to more entry of more investment banks from commercial banks that opened investment banking wings. According to Santos, regulation ar imposed to reduce risk, improve transparency as well as improve leverage. Some of these changes experienced include merchant banking, asset and portfolio management, research and security analysis, providing consultancy services during mergers, acquisitions and take-overs and banking for global funds transactions.This discussion highlights that amoney market mutual fund is whe re by many investors, both huge and small learn their funds together and invest them in short term securities. They are normally open-end funds where investors basis purchase and sell their securities at will. These funds are professionally managed so as to reduce risks since the securities traded are highly liquid. Investment banks undertake to determine the levels of risk in different pecuniary instruments and manage them so as to receive the best possible returns. Investment banks offer to trade in other financial instruments other than the conventional debt and equity securities.

Was it a mistake for Hitler to allow German forces to venture into the Research Paper

Was it a mistake for Hitler to allow German forces to venture into the Mediterranean regions - Research Paper shellIt was not famous for the bad defeat the Americans faced there. It was far better to lose in this counselling at the beginning of the engagement then later in the decisive days of the campaign. The truth is that what the American army learned in this loss helped them immeasurably to improve their command structure and strategy when relations with the Germans later on. This led Hitler and the Germans to underestimate the Americans too. The truth was always that Hitler saw the Mediterranean as a parenthesis (Murray, 108). And that it is what it wassomething that distracted him from what he should have been doing, a mistake. Although many see Eisenhower as the most towering dactyl to come out from the victories of North Africa, two other Allied generals also made their name in that dusty theatre of war. The first of these two men, General Patton, was able to take contr ol over virtuoso of the main American armies after the battle of the Kasserine Pass and to use it to maximum advantage. Patton was well known for operate his men hard and also for his iron discipline. The second famous general of this part of the conflict was the British general Bernard Montgomery, who became famous at the battle of El Alamein, one of the decisive victory of the North African theatre. These men gained the confidence in this theatre that they would later use to crush the Germans (Murray, 2002).

Speaking and Listening Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Speaking and Listening Skills - Assignment voiceTherefore, in order to meet the growing demand, it is of importance to agree ethical sourcing and trading in the drinking chocolate beans production (Fair Trade Foundation 2-17).It is worth mentioning that the production of cocoa beans is largely dominated by the western hemisphere African countries including Ghana which are economically not strong. Therefore, there is high possibility of the people to pull involved into the unethical aspects of trading and sourcing. The ethical process of production and supply chain is important to maintain a stable market and price in the market. The cocoa industry has always been volatile as it depends on various factors of ethical sourcing and trading. The figure below demonstrates the variation in the price of the beans due to the do work of the ethical sourcing and trading.The volatility in the cocoa industry is more due to the alterations in supply along with demand, instability and speculat ion in the market affecting the ethical trading. Moreover, the conflict amid the countries giving rise to the cultured war is restricting the ethical trading and supplies.The cocoa beans are traded physically and in addition in the trade good market. The futures market, speculation and hedging in the market affects the price of the products. The trading initiated in a transparent vogue leads to ethical environment. Conversely, if integrity is not maintained in the production, it might lead to the unethical practices hampering the decision fashioning process of the people indulged in the industry causing volatility.It is observed that the chocolate industry practices unethical nub in order to gain profit by not only exploiting the labour but also paying less price to the farmers. The labourers are forced to work for hours and are also paid less. Besides, the ethically certified cocoa supplied is less than 5% which reflects the fact that the unethical practices are high in the affect and supply chain of the cocoa beans (World Vision, Chocolate

Linear programing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

analog programing - Assignment ExampleThe General Manager has also decided to produce 600 social units for the current toil period. Finally, an ongoing contract with the business distributors requires that at least 150 units have to be distributed through this dispersion channel. The problem is to establish the dispersion strategy for the radio sets that will maximize overall profitability of the new radio production.If a change in the marine distributors channel took place and the profit per unit fell to $80, the best solution changes and the total maximum profit is reduced. This can be attributed to the fact that $80 is an objective mesh and thus has an effect on the entire value of profit incurred.Producing two units for the mail order distribution channel results into an increase in the advertising, the gross revenue attack also increases, the production units decreases and the business retail breastwork increases. The non positive values will be eliminated and hence t he scenario described above.If the marketing director changes the Business distributors restriction and increases it from 150 units to 300 units, this will increase the embody of advertisement and hence the hail of production but no major increases will result on the final sales. The resulting profits do not increase and in some scenarios losses may be incurred.g) There is a misfortune about a new distribution channel. If it has the same personal sales effort and advertising cost of the Mail order, but a profit per unit of $110, would you recommend it? Would the optimal solution change? wherefore?It would not be recommended that a new distribution channel which has the same personal sales effort and advertising cost of the Mail order. The optimal solution would not change of the number of units personal sales per unit sold remains zero. The absence of any value on the personal sales per unit sold has an effect in the optimal solution

Falcon Computer Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

track down Computer Company - Case Study ExampleThis essay discusses that contrast was largely witnessed as the promotions of the set were not appropriately communicated and enforced in practice by the management. The factors which were largely responsible for the existence of the discrepancy are as follows 1. Lack of initiative from the management The higher management was great in formulating the value to be followed by the employees but only formulation was not the very success of it. 2. The confidence among employees was not boosted The employees were not provided with an opportunity to get the values to be worked across them. At the same time, they felt no space to implement a value and work accordingly. 3. Freedom of speech was lacking on the employee scarer Attention to detail is our trademark our goal is to do it right the first time. However, it was observed that the digit flaws caused the main hurdle and in the first place, it needed to be corrected to prevent flaws in the extrovertive steps. 4. Openness was greatly lacking The culture statement promising to encourage open, direct, person-to-person communication as part of the daily routine was not at all followed in practice. At Falcon, it was more of covert than openness. 5. Lack of management participation Even after the value document was formulated and was expected to be followed, lack of management enforcement was greatly lacking to get the values embedded into the employees. 6. Lack of interest from the Employee look Lack of interest from the employee side was a turnaround feature in exercising the values. They did not lend it seriously and never bothitherd to come up with valuable suggestions so as to prove that there was an initiative from their side. They have never held the management accountable for the non-compliance of values. They instead have understood what was really emphasise in the organization namely hierarchy, secrecy and expediency. They never moved out of their comfor t zone to fill a stand. The lack of initiative also made the other employees follow the similar notion to establish a back seat.

Business Plan Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business programme Assignment - Coursework ExampleWe believe in creating a long-term value for our clients, employees and the community via an insightful superior program.RABCO Accounting consultant consequence be a passing visible consulting firm that would be rise up known for its highly professional duties regarding accounting, taxation and auditing. In the long run, we will be looking on the means to expand our services to include the partnering with the upcoming businesses that requires guidance in their efforts to make profits. The firm will pop the question the technical services in an effort to ensure that the firms can stand in the highly competitive business environment. The assistance to the growing firms will ensure a long relationship that would result to the profits in our firm.The mission and vision of the company will propel our goals. We target to become the trump out consulting company in the country in the next five years. This goal will only be enabled by our hard and dedicated work to providing excellent services to our clients. The clients will give as a support by referring their colleagues to us if only there are satisfied beyond reasonable uncertainness with the services we provide to them.RABCO Consulting Company was mainly motivated to enter into the market by the growing reduce of clients that want the accounting services nationally (Hovers, n.d.). There are however a growing act of graduates that are qualified and were ready to offer their skills in the accounting firms. The company enters into the field with the intention to offer efficient services to enhance the productivity and to grow their profits,Given that there are some well-known(a) accounting firms in the land, it will not be easy for RABCO LTD to make an impact at the commencement exercise entry (Wiley, 2008). The company will rely on small companies that do not have capable finances to hire the services of the giant accounting firms. The firm will have

Devise an online lesson Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Devise an online lesson - Assignment ExampleThis will giganticly assist them in understanding and communion of newly introduced conceptsThe plan will try to satisfy all the course objectives by helping students to draw out their knowledge and grasp such key terminologies as pronunciation, nouns, verbs, tenses adverbs, vocabularies and many more others. The plan will as well as help the students deem English as a language and demystify any stereotypic beliefs contact it.The quote will depend on the topic of the day. Most quotes will be drawn from great thinkers like Aristotle, Hobbes and Rousseau. The quotes will help the students focus on the topic of the day and motivate them to complete their assignments at bottom the provided duration frame.Students will be instructed on which online methods to use during teaching. Some classes like pronunciation will gather up computer conferencing while others like tackling assignments will require World Wide Web.The three media above bring forth been chosen because they will increase the speed at which students will converse with their instructor. They will as well divulge them an opportunity to interact among themselves thus creating room form lively forums. Online communication is good because it helps the students open up and tell the instructor what they would have otherwise never said in an open classroom (Anderson, 2008). It also saves time and resources as students will not be required to appear physically in class. By so doing, they will be able to engage in other activities like spending time with their families and attending their jobs without any worry. The methods have also been chosen because of their ability to help students from different cultures interact and appreciate one anothers

Sundiata Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sundiata - Essay ExampleTherefore, the news report of myths and their interrelationship with the real-life is of the paramount importance for the deeper understanding of the precise nature of any human society. As a perfect example for this purpose we may investigate the book written by D. T. Niane Sundiata An Epic of anile Mali, which is one of the most well-known traditional narratives of West Africa that provides an account of Sundiata Keita, a historical heroic number renowned as the founder of the Mali Empire. This book contains important insights into the mythical component of the human perception of history, and exposes the point connection that the present always has with the past. Let us take a closer look at this narrative and examine the function of memory as the bridge connecting heroes of the book with the world they live in.Among the many personages of the epic, the story of the relationship between the great big businessman of Mali Sundiata and his griot Balla Fa sseke takes perhaps the central place in toll of its importance for the whole narrative. Griots toilette be seen as professional storytellers and public speakers, but the significance of their social role was much deeper in the African societies than it could seem from this superficial description. On the most fundamental level, a griot was perceived as the vessel of historical memory of a social group. Every king had a griot beside him whose task was to instruct his patron in much(prenominal) a way as to procure the heritage of traditions of ancestors. Therefore, griots role was naturally wide-ranging, as they were speaking for their kings, were tutoring their children, and in this way aimed to . . . bring to life the deeds and exploits of kings for younger generations (Niane, 1995, p.1). By the way, to prove that griots could rely on orally transmitted traditions we may for instance consider such a stable phenomenon as proverbs, which are referred to in the narrative in the f ollowing way Mens cognizance is contained in proverbs, and when children wield proverbs it is a sign that they have profited from adult company (Niane, 1995, p.29). In the full union with the elevated status of griots, Balla Fasseke becomes a close tutor of the prospective king Sundiata yet from his early childhood. Balla educates and instructs Sundiata on the rules of behavior, so that . . . between his mother and the griot, the child got to know all that needed to be known (Niane, 1995, p.23). Thus, from the very beginning of the story of Sundiata the role of his guardian angel is assigned to Balla. In his turn, Balla was very devoted to his patron, which can be seen from his faithfulness to Sundiata redden during his exile at the court of a powerful sorcerer king Soumaoro. But for Sundiata the absence of the griot does not simply mean the loss of a counselor, but in scent signifies the disconnection of Sundiata from the memory of his ancestors. Such a deprivation of him of th e link with the mythical ancestors is the sufficient reason even for war, and in the narrative one of the first signs of the imminent war between Sundiata and Soumaoro is symbolized by the proclamation of Balla Fasseke by Soumaoro as of his new griot. At the same time, the respect that Soumaoro had for Balla proves that the memory of the past is indispensable for all, including such a seemingly powerful personage as the sorcerer

Safety, Health & Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Safety, Health & trade protection - Essay ExampleThe impact of positive and negative stress on the workplace should be determined. The guide for workplace health, safety, and security training should be assessed. And last but not least, effective violence ginmill programs should be designed to prevent sexual harassment, unethical behavior, etc. at work.In the western world, study of workplace has been characterized by technologies and jobs that are designed to advance productivity and processes. However, in many cases it has been found that comely care has not been taken in ascertaining the impact of the job process or technology on the workers. This has led to various imbalances at the workplace, which resulted into attrition, job dissatisfaction, excessive stress, and f every in productivity, etc. Sometimes, it can be observed that machines involved in the work processes have been unnecessarily dangerous. Hence, there is urgency in the industries to improve the conditions at the workplace to give the workers a better environment. Thus, a need of ergonomic research and increment has emerged. Ergonomics can be defined as a multi-disciplinary science that seeks to conform the workplace and all its physiological aspects to the worker (Goetsch, 2011). It deals with the different subjects entailed in the improvement of the workplace conditions.Ergonomic problems in the workplace observable among the workers in various ways. The problems are indicated by the conditions of the human factors at the workplace. The bad effects of below bar or unsuitable equipments and systems on the human beings at work can become discernable in the following ways1. Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) can vary from common pains and aches to relatively more ripe difficulties. Medical practitioners recommend that symptoms and signs of physical difficulties at work must be reported before a permanent damage or serious injury actually occurs. The most frequent MSDs that can be observe d among the workers in particularly

Cafe Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cafe - Case Study ExampleThe roles and responsibilities of Louis Chen include Ensuring the ceaseless running of the Levendary Cafe in mainland China making strategic decisions that would enable the company to stay competitory and in business against market trends.The company expanded from the USA to China due to the reason that its internal growth was slowing down progressively from 2008. The company chose to expand by setting up a strategy team that would be used to research on available opportunities in China. More to that was the item that China had a senior high potential for investment since their GDP was 14.5% for the past decade and they had a high population of approximately 1.4 billion people. Out of this, the urban population had risen from 36.2% to 46.6% between 2000 and 2009.This was an issue that was nonice and brought about by Mia Foster to the Levendary Cafe CEO in China - Louis Chen. The issue was that Louis Chen was not willing to ensure and implement global s tandardization of procedures.This was an issue that was projected by Mia Foster to Louis Chen. accord to Mia Foster, the CEO of Levendary Cafe in China Louis Chen was not up to the task of implementing changes that would boost future day operations of the organisation.Louis Chen did not follow the standard GAAP Accounts and reporting procedures for Levendary Cafe in China. Apparently, the fiscal and management reports that were being sent to Denver were in a format that had been massaged.This was an issue where Mia Foster implied that the elbow room Louis Chen managed the China operations would not sustain the company in future. For example his refusal to follow a standardized global operating procedure not adhering to GAAP accounting standards.In order to book of facts the challenges being faced in China operations, Mia Foster has to follow the following actions Raise the questions about the China operations to Louis Chen confront Louis Chen on the issues

Issues in mental health, communicable and non-communicable health that Assignment

Issues in mental health, communicable and non-communicable health that chinaware faces - Assignment ExampleIn addition to this, there are only 20,000 psychiatrists in China 1.5 for each(prenominal) 100,000 people and many psychologists in the country are poorly qualified (Cyranoski, 2010). Another major health concern is the steep rise in communicable and non-communicable diseases exchangeable HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B and C, tuberculosis, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure and obesity due to unhealthy lifestyles like poor diet, and physical inactivity and high risk behaviors like smoking, drug/alcohol use and prostitution. Proposed Solutions The Chinese government should make psychological examinations an integral part of the yearly health check-ups available for Chinese people and refer patients (when needed) to appropriate health care professionals for treatment and counseling. Secondly, the Chinese medical program should include subjects like psychiatry, psycho logy and psychotherapy since currently it is available only as an optional course to doctors (Moore, 2009). Thirdly, the Chinese government should provide increased funding to develop and conduct community of interests based programs to educate people about various diseases and prevention strategies. Fourthly, specific programs should be developed to ready awareness of mental health issues and HIV/AIDS and encourage families to get the disease treated early.

Government & The Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Government & The Economy - shew Exampled disagreement within the United States are cheap labor from Asia, unreasonable supervene upon judge, outsourcing, corpo ramble greed, illegal immigration, discrimination, and involvement in global wars, but policy changes like increase in minimum wages, innovative tax systems, earned income tax credit (EITC), Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (FMLA), etc bottomland reduce this inequality to an extent.First of all, the challenge of cheap labor from Asia is an important reason behind the inequality in the United States. For instance, globalization transformed the US role within the global trade relations. The Asian nations began to exploit the scope of globalization because human resource is comparatively cheap in Asian context. So, the American companies began to recruit Asians due to less economic burden. This eventually led the educated US citizens towards economic problems cogitate to joblessness. From a different angle of view, chea p labor from Asia benefited the American companies, but affected the educated US citizens. But the policy makers within the US political context were not able to foresee this problem. Besides, the Asian nations accelerate the challenge of cheap labor because the same is helpful for those nations to gain more revenue. To be specific, the variance in exchange rate helps the Asian nations to benefit from working for American companies.Similarly, unreasonable exchange rates result in inequality within the American context. For instance, the initiatives undertaken by the Federal Reserve to stimulate the delivery resulted in the decrease in interest rates. To be specific, the Federal Reserve aimed to help the housing foodstuff by decreasing the interest rates. But this initiative did not help the Americans to own homes because decreased rate was not enough attract them towards the housing market. This proves the drastic effect of the ineffective economic policies within the US context. One can see that good jobs help citizens to own homes. On the other

Synthetic Biology Essay Example for Free

Synthetic Biology EssaySynthetic Biology New era of programmable Acells Under charge of Dr. Hanaa El Badawy By Manar hesham fouad 70019 Ahmed Ibrahim agami 60015 Yassmin Mohamed moatassim 70187 Ahmed osman Shymaa khaled Introduction As a result of the fast ,cheap DNA sequencing and synthesis with gibe developments in the field of bioinformatics, the emergence of a new discipline known as synthetic biology or synethesia has taken place, by the efforts of J.Craig Venter the genomics pioneer and his team, that is an innovative and highly promising blend of skill and engineering aim either to improve understanding of biological systems, their complexity and the interaction of complex pathways, or to use the organisms as factories for obtaining specific products, that eventually bear lead to the next industrial revolution. It is hard to fork over an accurate definition of a new emerging scientific discipline like synthetic biology, it can be changed over time as awareness incre ases.

The location of businesses Essay Example for Free

The location of businesses EssayBusinesses can choose where to come out. sometimes choice of location is critical. In other cases it is less important. What is the difference? And what happens when a right choice shortly becomes a wrong choice? Factors influencing location Every business locates where it thinks it forget be successful. If you remember that businesses use up staff to work there raw materials to produce finished products * customers to keep their embodys as pocket-sized as possible then their reasons for choosing a particular location begin to make sense. Local ride supply All organizations take on to be able to employ staff. So it makes sense to locate where battalion live. A factory in a remote part of the Scottish Highlands would buzz off trouble finding anyone to work there. Motorway service stakes have to pay to transport their staff from local towns and villages to the station itself, a cost which other businesses can avoid. The factors which inf luence a particular electron orbit atomic number 18 much local skills and cost of labour. Local skills In some split of the country particular skills are a tradition.If you wanted to set up a business making pottery you would be sensible to locate in the Midlands, around Stoke-On-Trent. If you wanted to make cutlery, then Sheffield is the place. If you were making boots or shoes then Northamptonshire is the state for you. Probably the most famous examples today are in the United States. Silicon Valley and Seattle are illustrious for their computer industries, so this is where whiz-kid programmers head for. California is the home of the film industry, so if you were lancinating to work on special effects and digital technology, this is where you would go.Britains Silicon Valley is located along the M4. The area is also famous for Formula One motor racing firms. Scotland has its own Silicon Glen and Cambridge is building a reputation for and is now liven as Silicon Fen. Firm s wanting to specialize in these particular industries know that if they locate in these areas they go away be able to recruit staff with skills they need. The City Of capital of the United Kingdom is renowned for its monetary skills and expertise, so this is where you would find large international banks, stockbrokers and insurance firms.Other firms dont need particular skills or maybe willing to train unskilled staff. Firms doing light assembly work often locate where there is a ready supply of cheap (often female) labour. Many of these have set up where traditional industries, much(prenominal) as mining, have closed. Areas with high unemployment have lower wage evaluate the competition for jobs keeps wage rates down. At the north of Celynen Colliery in Wales, Aiwa employs 1,000 people making videos and in the Rhondda Valley the heart of the experient Welsh mining industry Taxdata employs 250 people making CD packaging.In the Dearne Valley in southeasterly Yorkshire, at a former colliery, over 2,000 people work for Ventura part of the Next group companies. Ventura is a cry (out) essence and mail-handling company which handles over seven million customer accounts for assorted clients such as Cellnet and the Cooperative bank. Call centres employ operators equipped with a computer and telecommunicate whose task is to answer telephone enquiries or telephone existing or potential customers to generate more sales for companies. Today nearly 150,000 people in the UK work in call centres. Most of these are located in parts of the country where wage rates are lower.However, in some places, such as Tyneside, Leeds and Glasgow, where many call centres have been set up, competition for experienced is now increasing and pay rates are rising. So the pool of skilled labour in the area is affecting the cost for firms. The cost of labour will always be more important to businesses that are more labour intensive than those which are peachy intensive. A labou r intensive is one which needs a higher(prenominal) number of staff such as call centres or schools and colleges. A capital intensive business is one where machines or technology do most of the work as in a modern electricity generating plant.Here the cost of labour is less important in the choice of location. The Cost of Premises The cost of premises is fixed by the forces of demand and supply. The greater the demand for premises and the fewer there are available the higher the cost. For that purpose, premises in city centres especially in London are much more dearly-won than the cost of premises in the suburbs or in the regions. For example, the lease of a large store (60,000 satisfying feet) in Oxford Street, London, was on sale for i 12,000,000 in 1997 This is because Oxford Street is a prime site in a town a large high street store would be less nevertheless not cheap.In 1997, Mark Spencer bought 19 high street stores from Littlewoods for i 192,500,000, paying over the betting odds for the stores it wanted. They were actually valued at around i 80,000,000. Premises on major town centre shopping routes are always more expensive than on secondary side streets simply because shoppers gruntle on the high street. Areas of high employment with a surplus of skilled labour Newbury, in Berkshire, is a typical example are more expensive places to locate than areas where unemployment is high and the area depressed, as in some parts of the north east.The result is that companies that have no reason to locate in London or the south east will move to other towns and cities. Those businesses which arent dependant on passing traffic will locate outside town and city centres in cheaper areas or on industrial estates. at heart Britain, many local authorities offer packages to encourage businesses to locate in their area. They may offer financial assistance for large firms and reduced rents for small enterprises. Specialist rental and leasing companies wil l offer attractive packages enable businesses to locate easily in special workspace sites, office complexes, business or retail centres.Some centres are managed with a central reception area, business services and shared meeting rooms. Retail units may be available on short-term license agreements, payable weekly. All these attract organizations to locate where costs will be lowest and where, hopefully, they will be able to expand their business without substantially increasing their costs. monetary Help from the Government If you live in London, south-east, or the east of England (e. g. Norwich), then you live in an formally prosperous area.If you live anywhere else, the situation is different, although in Scotland, Northern-Ireland, the West-Midlands and the south-west, prosperity rose above the UK average amid 1986 and 1996. However the north-east, north-west, Yorkshire and Humberside, the East-Midlands and Wales all declined below the national average. The European Union and the government are concerned around such inequalities. They would like all regions to be equally prosperous. For some time in the UK there have been assisted areas. These are areas of Britain where regional forethought may be given under European union law.Regional Selective Assistance (RSA) is the main form of such an aid in Britain. This is a discretionary grant awarded to support a project which will stimulate employment opportunities, increase regional engagement and improve prosperity. Between 1985 and 1988, the scheme created 100,000 jobs, reducing employment by 0. 5 per cent in the assist Areas, at a cost of i 130,000,000 a year. In 1998 the European guidelines on regional aid changed and all member states were asked to propose new Assisted Areas to operate from 1st January 2000.In July 1999 the Department of wad and Industry put forward the new proposals which included the following. horizontal surface One (maximum) assistance for Cornwall, Merseyside, South-Yorkshir e and West-Wales and the Valleys. Here grants of up to 40 per cent of the project cost will be available. The government has also proposed that Northern Ireland be treated as an exceptional case for assistance. Tier Two assistance for areas most in need of employment creation, investment and regeneration. For these areas a 20 per cent assistance grant will be available. This includes the Highlands and Islands and various areas in England, Wales and Scotland.Rather than designate towns or cities the government has used ward boundaries (which denote voting areas). Tier Three assistance for Enterprise Grant Areas where assistance will be available to businesses employing up to 250 people. The fix is to encourage the development of small businesses as these are seen as vital for improving employment and prosperity long term. Once the new Assisted Areas have been agreed by the European Commission, they will rest in force from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2006. Transport Links for Suppliers and Distribution.

Programming software can be good for children Essay Example for Free

Programming software mountain be good for children EssayProgramming software can be good for children with the correct centering. Antonio Garcia Vicente at only six years old entered to the young programmers club of Valladolid University to learn how to create video games with the reckoner and alert devices. He created his first video game at s purge years old to attend his classmate to improve their understanding of the classes. Maria Vicente, his mother, and software engineer explain that children, computers and busy devices are meant to be misunderstood. Children are capable of doing to a greater extent things with computers and mobile devices but the elders believe that everything is very delicate, and it is, but children have more than imagination and they are not afraid to try things. (Tosas, 2016). Due to the fact, in that location is evidence showing that utilise computers and mobile devices could be harmful to children who are 4-6 years old, the parents and edu cational institutions can teach the children how to pulmonary tuberculosis aright it, can improve their growth.Opponents said that children who are exposed more than ever to computers and mobile screens are more prone to addiction and depression. Even though specialists in psychology from the Childish Hospital Federico Gmez at Mexico City explain that, these negative effects are avoidable by limiting the use of computers and mobile devices (Univision, 2015). It is necessary to balance the time spent with those devices with other activities important for their development such as bodily exercise and social coexistence. Mark Baley, Director of the Pacific University Child Learning and Development Center describes how a 5-year-old child fascinated with the Titanic received an interactive CD-ROM with a large screen computer. As he piloted this virtual tour of the Titanic, friends who wanted to hear the story and see the pictures surrounded him. He had to use the mouse carefully and p recisely to navigate this tour. His social skills and small motor skills began to show improvement everyplace a couple of weeks (Naeyc, n.d).Opponents consider children between 4-6 years old who use computers and mobile devices at jeopardy of potentially irreversible eye damage because of blue imperfect emissions from those screens. Whereas these conditions can be treated and prevented with stiff breaks and blinking, the hazards of accrued exposure to blue light are still relatively unknown. In 2014, a US study showed artificial retina cells grown in a laboratory were destroy when exposed to blue light (Ongaro, 2014). However, they were exposed directly to the blue light for many hours that is why they were destroy. This is because they dont have the cancel blinking that children naturally have. The parents have to educate the children to make continuous blinking, take well-nigh(prenominal) breaks, do some exercises and look at distant objects for 10-30 seconds periodically, s o that children can rest the muscles they use to see. In addition, the new technologies interchangeable the fast refresh rate, high resolution, automatic brightness and contrast are in favor of childrens ocular health.Opponents argue that there is a struggle with obesity because sitting in a lead in front of a computer and mobile devices can trap children between 4-6 years old, without even thinking to go to the toilet. However, according to Health Awareness Community, the advancement of computers and mobile devices pull up stakes make the conterminous generation more active, not less (2016). With the advances in smart phone technologies and high accuracy GPS systems, there are entirely new fun physical activities for children. The Sworkit Kids mobile app virtual platform for free was innate(p) with the mission to turn physical exercise into a game by providing parents and kids with personalized activities focused on improving flexibility, strength, and agility. This app is to m otivate children to play sports, is suitable for 4-6 years old, and encourages them to be entertained and cause.It is evident that using computers and mobile devices on children between 4-6 years old could be unhealthy, but all those arguments are avoidable with the guidance of parents and educational institutions. Those technology devices will not disappear, the children have to be educated to optimize its use. The computers and mobile devices will not negatively affect the childrens learning capacity if their parents limit the time spent on it and combine it with other activities. The computers and mobile devices now have better screens and children educated to blinking, take breaks and do some eye exercises after their use, so that they will not damage their eyes. With the mobile devices and its technology, children and their parents will be motivated to do some physical exercise to improve their flexibility, strength and agility.

Pak mulls removing import duy on Indian Tea Essay Example for Free

Pak mulls removing mo duy on Indian Tea EssayFree trade takes place when there are no bulwarks and no intrusions to trade put by the authority(goernment and trade organisations). Free trade allows goods and services to flow freely freely from one country to another. The opposite to free trade is Protectionism. There are many protectionism that the government of a particular country can impose on trade. Main types of protectionism* Tariffs* Subsidies* Quotas* EmbargoesThe governement of Pakistan has imposed a trade barrier on the upshot of Tea from India. India afternoon tea is under a 10 percent import art. approximately possible reasons for the imposition of Import duty on Tea are given below.* To prevent over specialisation* To raise government gross* To remove balance of payment deficitsGiven below is a graphical record that shows the effect of imposing import duty on the import of Tea.Due to the imposition of import duty the prices for Tea rises from P-world to P- impo rt duty because of which the Supply curve shifts from S-world to S- world+ import duty . and then there is an overall consumer loss. Areas a,b,c and d shows the consumer loss. Area a shows the producers gain. Area b shows green loss.It is said to be a Green Loss because there is inefficiency that is creeping in this area as inefficient internal producers are now producing this area at a higher price. Area c shows the government revenue callable the import duty. Area d shows the net loss. d is not being produced or demanded due to the rise in prices, this shows the net loss towards the consumer.Tea is an important drink in every Pakistani house and Pakistan is the second largest importer of Tea. Therefore the demand curve for Tea in Pakistan is very inelastic. The smuggled tea is sold at a low cost but due to the Inelastic demand for Tea, The miscellanea in the price of tea should have a realively low change in the demand. However, the article states that Pakistan imports cxl mi llion kg and 20 million kg is smuggled. This shows that 12.5 % of tea is smuggled, which is a very high rate. This indirectly shows that Tea inspite of being very inelastic in demand, a change in price go forth have a big effect on the demand.Area d in the above graph is consumer loss in Trade between India and Pakistan. However, this area is being demanded and supplied throught smuggling and illegal trade. Therefore, Area d can also be observed as the government loss of revenue.India and Kenya are the two principal(prenominal) countrys supplying Pakistan with tea. Due to the drought in Kenya the prices have increased tremendously. This puts Pakistan in a very infavourable situation.S-world takes into enumerate the imported supply of Tea from India and Kenya. Due to the import duty the price shifts from P world to P- import duty and the supply shifts from S- world to S- world+ import duty. Again due to the drougth the price shifts from P- import duty to P1 and the supply shifts f rom S- world+ import duty to S- world 2. Due to the very high prices people allow for stop consuming Tea and move to other alternatives like coffee. Also smuggling of Tea willing increase tremendously. The net effect will have a tremedous loss of revenue for the government.

Enrollment System Essay Example for Free

Enrollment System testifyEnrollment is the focus of the Compfuturist that would lessen the institutions difficulties in their Information System processing, solve data problems and an easier access of the establishments tuition. Every enrollment, 80-100 enrollees come for the dates of accession having a maximum of 30 for from each maven direct, in present eon classrooms are consist of 15 students. An easier recording of files and a database to save documents exit lessen the length being occupied by the records of the students.A double-quick transaction, easier ways for inputting datum and a convenient ways for salve files are offered for the use of the establishment by the enrolment trunk. The commonly utilise advertisements of schools are brochures, leaflets, banners and calling cards the group also offers a website that will be used to ameliorate its approach to people. The website would be a help for nourishs virtually the notice or updates of all the samets and gatherings, it would also be a way to know the history of the institution and the contact details of the establishment.The incomplete postulatements are the main problems during the enrollment, one of which is the student knowledge, some of the assureation needed is not filled up and some are grievous to the school records. In the Pre-School it is required for them to have the copy of their birth certificate, two (2) copies of a 22 word-painting and an interview with the Pastor or Principal. For the grade-schoolers a photocopy of the birth certificate, the form 138, a certificate of neat Moral Character for transferee and an interview with the Pastor or Principal. Due to the uninformed people virtually the requirements needed some are not brought and are filed to be uncompleted forms.Each student has a booklet that contains his or her information about the birth certificates, previous records from the earlier institution he or she attended, the quality point average for each year and also the permits signed by the parents. Enrollment takes time and effort from the parents, students and also from the teachers every step of an enrolment, a teacher is assigned to instruct a parent or guardian what to do and where to go next. The slow process of enrolment makes the parents furious and makes the job even harder for the teachers for them to rush, that sometimes some records are not being filed or are not properly assigned. deficient documents are also a cause of problem for the institution, it might be placed to another folder or the parent forgot about it. A schools updates about events and gatherings are the problems for teachers and parents. Students forget to demonstrate their guardians or forgot to give the letter accustomed by their advisers. The result of the forgotten events cause students not to jade the proper attire, parents does not attend meetings and gatherings, students are thought to be absent for specific happenings and also parents engender indignant about the unknown proceedings. Project FrameworkThe Compfuturist Group offers the instituion. a system and a website that would shoulder the difficulties of the institution. The school appoints teachers to handle the student information during the enrollment. Software that is specially made only for Mabalacat Christian academy and a website that would help the advertisement of the school increase. The system butt joint only be open by an authorized member or the principal of the institution. Passwords and accounts would be made for the privacy policy made by the institution to expertguard each students information and background.The Student Information Sheet or Form would consist of the basic details about his or her family, previous schools the child attended, number of siblings, if in that location were awards he or she got from previous trains, address, contact number of the parent or guardian and more information that are to be filled by the guardian. An option will be precondition to the parent or guardian if the transaction of payment would be a full payment or a overtone payment every quarter and a choice to have it paid by dint of cash or cheque. A database would be given with a maximum capacity of ccc and a number of 50 students per level.A website would be provided for the institution that would only be used for the use of the schools advertisement, featuring the facilities of the establishment, power members, and history of the school and updates of happenings. The page would be the source of parents to be updated to the schools events when, where and what to wear. Specific events require students to wear a garment requested by the institution for uniformity. The page can also be a source and guide for parents and guardians to know the details and history about the school. Contact details would be posted and an added detail of the page is that if parents are working abroad they could send the uncompleted requirement to t he e-mail of the school with attachment of the requirements. The Facebook page of the institution is also posted to the website and could be directed to the page created by the faculty members of the school. Statement of ObjectiveWebsite and Enrollment System is a computer programme extended to Mabalacat Christian Academy, a program that would make the transactions of requirements and documents, and also help about the schools reputation about the improvement of its ways. It could solve the problems of the school since it started the system only solves the problem of the school paperworks and will lessen the space of the documented files. The System is a program that would make the process of filing student information faster and easier to save for the school.The enrollment systems purpose is to give a database for the files of students, a maximum of 300 files for the whole institution and an easier way of searching student files. A transaction that would make the access of informa tion system easier for the authorized people, a faster accessibility in information provided and an improved process the admission and acceptance of enrolees would be faster for the completion of forms would not be difficult for teachers to save and keep.The Website will inform the parents of the situations, cancellation of classes, school events, PTA meeting schedules, examination dates and payment dues. An account will be given to the principal or school head to access the student accounts and website if changes are to be made, the account given to the principal can also be used to check the number of students enrolled and to what level they are assigned to Importance of the reflectThe Compfuturist created a system only from Pre-School to Elementary levels and for an institution with one section per level, the system subjects only to the enrollment, saving and filing of documents and the postage of contact details of the institution. The use of the program is to lessen the burden of alphabetizing envelopes for each level and student, it also makes the search of a student file faster compared to the manual based of searching through metal drawers. A database that would show and save documents for specific purposes and privacy of files will be kept and safe from others to see. Only the Principal and the appointed faculty or member of the institution could access the information system of the database provided by the system.The institution would benefit from the free system that could be used for years and less updates of program would be given for the system is only for the use of Mabalacat Christian Academy. Parents and students would also benefit from it because information given from the old students will not be inputted again but be moved to the folder that consists of the level he or she is. The editing and adding of details is convenient even to those people who are not grievous in using computers.Less stressing and easier to use, is the way that the p rogram or system offers to its benefactors. Radio buttons, scroll prohibit and more features of the program and website would be given to lessen the difficulty that some encounters in web pages and softwares. A free ten (10) months of maintenance is given for the institution and would make things better compared to the existing manual system.

Information Systems in London during Olympics 2012 Essay Example for Free

Information Systems in capital of the United Kingdom during exceedings 2012 EssayThe London Olympics preparations are integrating technology for the purpose of making the case a supremacy in terms of order and security. An estimate of 7 billion euros has been budgeted for the technology sector for the purpose of organize the Olympic event (Ho hire of Commons 2006). The London Organising Committee of the Olympics Games (LOCOG) has projected that the information establishment exit engross 204 million euros, the telecommunications, 63 million euros, and the internet applications, 12. 5 million euros (Ho put on of Commons 2006).The LOCOG and the Olympic Delivery way (ODA) will oversee that resources for information systems management are carried on effectively and efficiently for the Olympics success. Technology hobby the announcement that the 2012 Olympics will take place in London, the LOCOG announced the need to capitalize on a la mode(p) IT developments and creation of s oftware and hardware that are integrated from a common database (House of Commons 2006). The IT structure in London consists of an estimate of 8000 PCs, 900 servers and 1000 network and security devices which will be integrated for the function (Jones, 2009).Moreover, in that respect is a planned use for green IT systems for instance virtualisation which will alleviate in reducing the fig of servers needed and in turn help to cut down costs. Jones (2009) stipulates that London has the task of matching or even surpassing the Information system in the Beijing Olympics. The following types of technology were incorporated Journalists record and communicated the happenings of the event through wireless technology, and also information systems were included in the commentators analysis.In the event venues, communicate frequency technology was utilize for ticket verification. Worlwide TV coverage and online video streaming were enabled by digital Ignition Control Systems which contr olled time lags between the various Olympic venues. Online ticket selling will fix a faster and easier success to tickets but the IS should be integrated in a way that online ticket scams are prevented (Hervey 2010). The IS in London will install surveillance systems such as the CCTV cameras that will help identify any suspected malicious behaviour (Chowdhry 2008).The UK intelligence community is expected to effectively use technology in information gathering and prevention of any adversaries. Purpose of information management systems in 2012 Olympics The purpose of the integrated information systems will be to serve as a foundation for the Olympic Games planning across all the important functional and operational areas such as the tran feature and sport venues, the Games workforce, the press operations, and the spectator services (House of Commons 2006).IT system is to link all the venues which will be used for Olympics in the UK and the Olympics Village. The venues are more than 90 and it is necessary to have an effective and efficient control system that will ensure that Olympic event runs smoothly. Transport system and sport venues planning Information systems will be applied in the planning and coordination of airlines, underground and overland rail links, javelin shuttles, cabs and buses.The major issues to consider in the planning include reduction of traffic and ease of transportation to and from the Olympic venues, and parking space and the swee 10ing of security in both public and private transportation systems. This is based on the fact that in such a crowded event, it is expected that pickpockets and conmen will mingle with the crowd. Information gathering CCTV cameras will be situated at strategic locations for surveillance as people go ab fall out their activities.This includes surveillance in the transportation facilities as well as the games venues. Data will also be ga at that placed by the large fleet of security officers who have been disp osed to foresee the planning of the event by the warrantor Industry Authority (SIA) (Chowdhry, W. 2008). Training needs to take place for all the officers to be able to use integrated technologies in detection and prevention of adversaries. IT developments allow for efficient management of information and data, and thus assist faster and more effective processes of decision making.This saves the time required to reconcile independent and duplicative systems. Possible barriers to familiarity management IT technology is considered the most efficient and effective in management of such a mega event that will see visitors from all over the world visit London. However, one of the major hurdles that impudence the preparation is the very lavishly costs usually associated with integration of high tech information systems. The high IT costs have escalated the general amount required for carrying out the whole even by ten times more (Jones 2009).The barrier is that this budget is already too high yet it may not be enough to deal with handling the increased security alert issues prior to and during the event. Terrorism events are on the increase and most of the developed nations including the UK are target to international terrorism (Hervey 2010). The most momentous possible barrier involves the IT security where the London InfoSecurity committee fears that the Olympics information systems could be targeted by terrorists and thus imposes a threat to the national security.Physical security measures are put in place but there are worries that weaknesses detected in the Olympics Information Systems may be overlooked and then turn out to be major security hurdles. According to Hervey (2010) terrorists have the capability to simultaneously hit both cyber systems and corporal targets through a blended attack strategy, and therefore the London security has to be very careful when installing and managing these security systems.

Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome in Military Personnel Essay Example for Free

range traumatic Stress Syndrome in Military Personnel Essay dribble traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS) is defined as a psychological disoblige which arises from life- jeopardize experiences affecting the physiologic or emotional state of the individual. Examples of these experiences are motor accidents natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and the like celluloid tr sequencedies such as plane crash and hijacking abusive experiences in childhood traumatic ain experience such as rape or torture and violent troops associated events. The symptoms associated with this disarray take on those homologous to anxiety attacks or depression.The patient give as well as experience sleeping problems, emotional numbness, psychological catatonia, lack of affection for other people and even aggressiveness. One break throughstanding symptom of PTSS patients is avoidance of particular places and situations that is associated to the primary cause of the disorder. Since these go for th trigger memories related to their traumatic experience, it is of utmost importance for them to avoid each contact and encounter with these scenarios. Also, the patient usually has recurrent flashbacks or hallucinations of this particular, damaging event (University of Virginia Health System, 2007). blank space traumatic stress syndrome can be detect in a varied class of individuals careless(predicate) of sex, age, culture or economic status. In short, PTSS can be observed in any engaging of character, given sufficiency dose of traumatic experience. In the United States, the percentage of the population affected by PTSS is estimated to be surrounded by 1% to 12%. It was estimated that around 7. 7 million Americans are suffering from PTSS and that 30% of individuals who were in war-stricken areas will suffer from PTSS (University of Virginia Health System, 2007).In specific classes in society, PTSS is observed to occur at 0. 2% in post partum women, 18% in fire fighters, 34% i n adults involved in vehicular accidents, 48% in female rape victims and 67% in prisoners of war. (Lange, 2000) In this paper, the impact of this phenomenon will be studied on military personnel the factors contributing to the advent of the disorder, the statistics of military personnel with PTSS, the medical exam intervention and treatment used for PTSS and the effectiveness of the treatment used by the military to cure PTSS. recital of Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome in the US Military Various Wars through the Years Post Traumatic Syndrome in military personnel was correlated with a number of pre-military, military and post-military factors. These three extend to to the background of the soldier before joining the military, the activities one engaged in as a military personnel and ones life by and by military service. For pre-military riskiness factors, almost of these were emotional instability, age of entry into the military, past child abuse, minority status, socioeconomic status, substance abuse and years of education.For military risk factors, these were degree of atrocities witnessed or participated in of a soldier, combat exposure, captivity, injury in combat and danger threatening the soldiers life. Post-military risk factors, on the other hand, include time of discharge from the military, substance abuse, for sale social support and socioeconomic status (Bremmer, 2005). Post traumatic stress syndrome was first observed in war veterans who were assigned in the war against Vietnam during the 1980s. This was the first time the scientific and psychological community spot this disorder.Since PTSS was not yet known to the world, it was initially called battle fatigue and shell shock (University of Virginia Health System, 2007). In this war, it was estimated by the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Survey (NVVRS) that 15. 2% of male veterans and 8. 1% of female veterans 479,000 out of 3,140,000 and 610 out of 7,200, respectively were diagnosed w ith PTSS during a two year study in 1986. In terms of delinquency observed in these Vietnam War veterans, almost half of male soldiers who were diagnosed with PTSS were arrested or jailed at least in one case after their diagnosis.The percentage of those who were convicted was estimated to be at 11. 5%. In 2004, there were around 161,000 veterans who are fluid receiving PTSS disability compensation from the government. But even before this decade, military men and women had already suffered from war-related disorders. In knowledge domain War II, it was estimated by the National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder that in every 20 deployed military, there was one individual who suffered PTSS-related symptoms such as irritability, nightmares and flashbacks.The actual number of PTSS affected soldiers was estimated to be at 25,000 found on the number indicated by the Department of Veterans Affairs back in 2004. These soldiers were still receiving PTSS disability compensation from the department during this time. A prisoner of World War IIs (POW) tendency to genuine PTSS was also investigated by various studies long after the war was over. According to Speed, 50% of those who were involved in WW II developed PTSS a year after the war and 29% still developed PTSS even after 40 years (Speed, 1989).Meanwhile, in terms of recovery, Klusnik determined that among the 188 POW who suffered PTSS, only 36 of them had recovered from the disorder (Klusnik, 1986). If the war between Korea and the United States will be considered, the approximate percentage of soldiers who suffered PTSS is around 30%, consort to an independent study by a Korean researcher. The Persian disjuncture War back in 1991 is also noteworthy to mention. This war was also an avenue for soldiers to suffer post traumatic stress syndrome.In 1999, a study conducted by Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology found out that among the 697,000 soldiers deployed to this war, there was an extend number of soldiers who were suffering from the disorder. Initially, the rate of PTSS development for men and women were 3% and 8%, respectively. But after 18 to 24 months of returning to the United States of America, the rate increased from 7% to 16%. In the recent years, wars launched against Iraq and Afghanistan were enough reasons for the government to revive studies focusing on PTSS and its impact on the soldiers deployed to this heavily-bombarded countries.In Afghanistan, it was showed that 18% of the 45,880 soldiers deployed to this country suffered some kind of psychological disorder (PD), while the number of PTSS cases reached 188. In Iraq, from the 155,000 US soldiers in this country, 20% were diagnosed with PD and 1,641 were with PTSS. Women personnel who were affected with this disorder was from 8%-10% (Epstein Miller, 2005). When these data are combined, 46. 4% of soldiers sent to Iraq and Afghanistan suffered PTSS in 2007, totalling to 40,000 cases in a five-year peri od.The distribution of the cases is as follows for the Air Force-2,476 Army-28,365 Navy-2,884 and Marines-5,641 (Morgan, 2008). Treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome from the Military A special division of the US government is devoted to treating PTSS patients, and this is the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Through the years, since the late 1970s, VA had developed programs that continuously monitor and improve the state of soldiers once they return to their home country after being deployed in a war-stricken zone.There are three approaches that the department uses in order to achieve this purpose one, through outpatient approach two, through varying length inpatient stay and three, through residential care. These slipway vary in the length of stay of the PTSS cases in the medical facility. Some of the treatments given to the cases were group counselling, educational support and psychological assessment of the soldiers. It was determined that there was no statisticall y significant difference between the length of stay of a PTSS patient in the facility.Since the duration of the soldiers in the treatment facility is equated to financial costs, it was recommended that treatment not be prolonged, since the same results will be achieved with shorter treatment duration (Broschat, 1998). Another bod of treatment for this disorder came from the military itself. In the cores training program, each soldier is taught how to secernate post traumatic stress syndromes among themselves and among their comrades.This program is called the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (PTSD/MTBI) Chain Teaching Program, with the main objective of putting the knowledge and power in the soldiers themselves in order to take care of one another (U. S. Army Medical Department, 2007). Summary and result Since time immemoria, post traumatic stress syndrome was observed to plague war combatants since World War II. In every conflict that the United St ates government engaged in, there was the inevitable rise of PTSS cases documented.From The Persian Gulf War, to the Korean War, to the latest invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan, soldiers continuously suffered from this disorder in an change magnitude fashion. Post traumatic syndrome is a serious problem faced, not only by military personnel, but also by the government. With an increasing number of PTSS cases through the years in every war launched by the government, there is also an increase in the corresponding amount of budget to be used for the treatment and rehabilitation of the soldiers.With this, it is imperative that this disorder be given enough attention and support from those in authority. Soldiers are the backbone of the countrys security. Without them, invasion by foreign and local enemies is likely to happen. But defence without psychologically sound soldiers will not be possible. Therefore, for a land to be secured and safe from any threat, the well-being of soldiers m ust be valued, thus, post traumatic syndrome must be answered with utmost urgency.

Educational inequality and NGOs Essay Example for Free

Educational in opposeity and NGOs EssayYou have, perhaps, neer heard a discussion or symposium on the topic, Men-their role in the society. The discussion is always virtu ally women. Men perhaps, have no role This is not to say that the men can not do some of the jobs normally done by women. Even today the best chefs argon men The give tongue to of giving equal rights and educational facilities to women goes on all all over the humans unabated. All the Acts of Parliaments in the world pull up stakes not bring equality for women. The change has to be achieved within-both men and women. How can you say that women demand to be given equal rights? God has created her, given her the status of more-equal. Nobody can take that right away. It is the mother who gives protection for the initial nine months to the divine creative force of the future male or female A female child is victimized at every step of life, from the moment of birth. Women should be the good and spiritual equals of men. Male and female are alternative beats of the same heart.Discrimination against females contributes electronegative repairs as for the wellbeing of the society as a whole. The sexual activity differences are transmitted from generation to generation. Their impact varies, softens or hardens, due to various social, cultural and political factors. Basically gender means the biological differences amongst females and males. sexual practice refers to the meanings that are attached to those differences within a culture. ( Kimmel p. 3 ). Apart from the biological differences, other differences are human-made.Traditional gender ideologies and relegate ever-changing gender norms affect the way gender is taught through the orphic curriculum found within every classroom today in America. Gender ideologies past and present influence the policies and the economic realities of education in todays society. Education is one of the leading institutions that teaches and bolsters the gender inequalities which we see in America. (Our Educational)Even the most enlightened find it difficult to transcend the concept of gender inequality.The thorn will have to be removed by thorn. We say classrooms contribute to maintain inequalities we in like manner need to understand that the educational system implemented through the classrooms is the ideal place to make a start in educating the gender inequalities. Kimmel writes, the message students get, from both the content and the form of education, is that women and men are diametric and unequal, and that the inequality comes from those differences, and that, therefore, such inequality is justified (p. 151).As for removing the gender inequalities, NGOs can do a brood in awareness campaigns, running small model schools, but this great social malady deeply impacted by the cultural, religious traditions, can not be set right overnight. The political will of the people of a country to obtain equal opportunities for th e subjugated female gender counts much. If one turns the pages of memoir of gender education, what used to happen a century ago seems unbelievable in the circumstances general today. Stupendous advancement has been made by the female gender in education, and consequently on all fronts.When women tried to enter the classroom in 1900 at the University of Rochester, after it opened its doors to women who could raise money to piddle new dorms and facilities, male students responded by stamping their feet, physically blocking classroom doors, and jeering at them whenever they appeared on campus (Kimmel p. 153). existence renowned intellectuals like Rousseau averred that women are created to give pleasure to men. The intervention of the NGOs has softened the attitude of the policy makers to a great extent. Four decades ago, before the 1970s, women had lees openings to obtain a good education.Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972, provides an equal opportunity to all in educat ional programs and activities. The average female pre-kindergarten teacher in 1980 earned $8,390, succession her male counterpart earned $14, 912. in USA. (Kimmel, 2000). America has the special gender related problem, closely coupled to its racial history of African American community. This is a highly complicated issue that needs to be viewed from attitudes about sexuality, culture, the role of the Black Church, Male dominance within Black communities, which obstructs the progress of women in the playing cogitation of education etc.The process by which Black communities has arrived at its current situation, in which 54 percentage of Black children live in single-parent, largely female-headed and less prosperous households, 68 percent of African-American children are born to unmarried mothers and 47 percent of the prison population and 29 percent of those who are absorbed to mental hospitals are Black. (Henry, 2007) So much about the global north as for the gendered educatio nal inequality As for the global south, if we take the example of a developing country like India, women in Indian Society are no better.The conditions are slowly evolving in favor of women and emancipation of women is in spot and that is due to womens education, diversification of their roles, bar to child marriage, encouragement to widow remarriage, occupational mobility etc. The urban women in India are better placed than their rural counterparts for obvious reasons. Most of the NGOs working in the field of education are established in the urban and metropolitan areas. Whereas the NGOs can not exercise legal powers directly, they help women in making them aware about the existing legal rights.NGOs also play industrious role in sensitization of Women, Building confidence in women, Change in Social Attitude, incorporated Awareness, etc. Conclusion Schools are like old-fashioned factories, and what they produce is gendered individuals, says Michael S. Kimmel. But hopefully they a re changing for the better. Education to women on par with men, may lead to other cultural and social problems. That is another issue. On this factor, women can not be denied their right to higher education. Education is the mainstay on the basis of which many an(prenominal) a reformation and rehabilitation programs can be chalked out and implemented for the benefit of women.NGOs all over the world are precisely attempting that. Legislation can extend the helping hand legally. What matters is the change in the male perception and attitudes as for the all round growth of the personality of the female gender.References Kimmel, Michael S. 2000. The Gendered Society. New York, NY Oxford University Press. Henry, Kathy Gender Talk29 May 2007 In the African-American studies book Gender Talk, Dr. Johnnetta how gender inequality affects the entire African-American community. ezinearticles. com/? Gender-Talkid=584732 Retrieved on July 25, 2008

Three Days to See Essay Example for Free

trinity Days to See EssayHelen Keller was a truly intelligent woman who was afflicted at an early on age in life. Her disabilities set in on her at eighteen months. As she grew older she didnt let her incapacity defeat her. In 1933, Keller wrote an essay entitled, Three Days To See. In this expression Keller gives a response about what she would like to see if she were given her sight back for three daytimes. She similarly speaks about what it would be like if others were to lose their sight for three days as well. The opening avowal of Kellers article reads, I have often estimation it would be a blessing if to each one human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at virtually time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight, silence would teach him the joys of sound. Does non this statement alone make you take the time to sit back and wonder what that type of excursion would be like.Then suddenly you close your eyes and embrace all that is going on nigh you just to bathe in its glory for you k today you have taken so much for disposed(p) Keller uses a lot of her emotions to catch your attention. It is very hard to argue with her about the situation because she makes a very relevant point. One reason is that she lives by experience. Keller lives in darkness on a day to day basis. Looking at my like, I know that I definitely take so much for apt(p) and do not appreciate a lot of the simpler things in life. Things like the way my son son turns his head to the side and pokes his lip out and up tight to the corner on the right, giving me those pup dog eyes with a hint of an attitude hidden behind then as he says, uh huh as he agrees with me when we are joking around and I ask him a question.I now think about not being able to see my moms face, her smile, the laughter in her eyes. Being able to just look at her and know when she is feeling upset or in pain and not wanting to say anything. If I couldn t see I wouldnt be able cook or do hair, my whole life would be none existent. Keller has taken her person-to-person experience and caused me to put a whole new outlook on life. I never thought about looking at my life in that aspect before. The way that she broke it down in such detail is amazing. She teaches you to look at life with your glass half full in a rose colored glass.

Video game and violent movies Essay Example for Free

Video game and bowelless movies EssayPatel 2 Many teenagers watch under age T. V. that is convulsive. These children ar too young to be ceremony knock-down-and-drag- step to the fore T. V. or the little kids are watching their parents watching uncivilised T. V. Much of this violent T. V. affects the children by the guidance they act and the way they think. After watching violent T. V. shows most children develop terrible social skills, abject grades, and aggression towards others. The children that are allowed to watch these shows dont view it as bad. By watching violent T. V. shows they for draw off what is right and wrong in the world and dont know what is good for them or what is bad for them.These violent T. V. shows emerged with the new technology unknown to viewers, but the children take it as if it is good for them. rough of the positive effects are it helps kids take in by watching educational television programs. When the parents watching violent movies in fr ont of their kids the parents dont realize that this is affecting the children. Media is the most ubiquitous source of fury encountered by the majority of children. (Erwin, Pg. 105). The government had created a strengthen the reflexes of military personnel. The creators of video games base their games on the violent movies and TV shows.Many third party game inventors came out with poor quality games. In the 1990s home video game use had increased and arcade play had decreased, the release of violent games had in addition begun. The professional teams trained coders who watch samples from the recorded television and they try to see if it is violent or not. every(prenominal) violence tends to be treated in the same way by a content analysis. (Gunter, Harrison Pg. 76) to a greater extent and more parents convey to see that these violent games arent just bad for their children, but are do problems in the community.Before young children even enter kindergarten they are exposed to over 4,000 hours of television regard and by the time they Patel 3 leave elementary school children will have witnessed 8,000 murders and 100,000 acts of violence on just television alone. (Erwin, Levin Pg. 105). By looking at these numbers the amount of violent the T. V. channels adopt I think they need to make kids show a little less violent than they do. When the kids get older they will have gone through a lot more violence than anyone so there are chances that through out there life time they will do something violent.The kids learn to fight from violent video games or by watching violent T. V. shows. In a breeding examining violence in over 2,700 television programs across 23 channels of broadcast networks, public broadcasting, and cable, Wilson et al found that nearly 7 out of 10 childrens shows contain some type of fleshly aggression. (Erwin Pg. 501).As Erwin said in the last research in 2002 nearly 2,700 T. V. programs have some phase of violent most of them were see n by kids and their family. The kids show have some violence as well and out of that 7 out of 10 childrens show contain physical aggression.Violent video games are a very large problem with more generations today. Children who see a lot of violence are more likely to view violence as an effective way to settling conflicts. By watching all the violent stuff not only will the children act differently but when they begin to see real violent actions they will appear emotionless and unfazed because of all the built up conceive time. The children that play teen rated video games see many things in these violent world of movie industries blood-and-guts violence, Sexual Content, Use if drugs and illegal substances, and lots of blood.In many video games today violence is viewed from a first person point of view. Courts have refused to hold media corporations liable for the violent content of child-entertainment products, but many legal commentators have argued for an expansion of the law. Patel 4 (Proman Pg. 427-28) The decision taken by the court is not right because the violence that the children learn is from the T. V. shows so they should be charged or fined for making violent shows for little kids.

Agency Theory Versus Stewardship Theory Accounting Essay

Agency conjecture Versus Stewardship Theory report EssayJensen and Meckling (1976) outlined an deputation correlation as a contr playual denounce-up under which the business owner or the headliner engaged a motorbus or the agent to execute some emolument on his behalf and may usu some(prenominal)y entail some decision making exclusively by the agent. The ingrained representation body revolves on the basic pro point about benevolents, which deals with fountainheads and agents as self-oriented focusing on exploiting their personal utility (Corbetta and Salvato, 2004 Chua, Steier and Chrisman, 2006). Shleifer and Vishny (1986) explain the room context in which the financiers geted the agents specialization to obtain maximum returns from their funds, meanwhile the handlers since they do not have enough capital on their own would utilize the finances of its principal. Agency surmisal described managers as opportunistic (Wasserman, 2006) by seizing its optimum advantag e for his appointment and role as the mover in the unbendable for its own benefit, at the expense of the principal (Shulze, Lubatkin Dino, 2003).Both bureauies terminal is to reach that personal advantage in every way possible with the least outlay and expenditure. These expenditures are defined as potency costs (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). This is the total of cash outflows made by the principal for its organization be it in budget proportions, auditing, or employee honorariums the expenses incurred by the agent for income generating projects and the marginal loss due to the decline in the expected income of the principal as caused by the leaded deviation of motives between the agents resolution and the main destination of the principal to obtain maximum returns from its investments. Thus, high conflicting of interests between the principals and agents that end pointed from information asymmetry is the main statement in an agency theory (Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson, 1 997). Asymmetry of information between the dickens parties is displayed when the manager align his capabilities with the expected takings, result and rationality of the principal (not knowing his own abilities) leads to satisfying decision-making on the part of the principal while this is an typeface of adverse selection for the agent (Karra, Tracey and Phillips, 2006). More often than not, this leads to a number of non-satisfactory overall procedures of the manager which lead in due time lead to the destruction of the hearty and the reputation of the agent (Jensen, 2004). As well(p) as for the principals, their incapability of selecting undersurfacedidates that acts appropriately in all circumstances are proofs of adverse selection. The outcome unendingly entails an ambiguous job description on both parties. Neverthe slight, there are still some factors that the agency theory fails to point out, otherwise than motivational or self-gratitude. These maybe are the intrinsic inability or low ability, poor knowledge on business and misinformation of agents that resulted in their failure to deliver high arrangeance for their principals (Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson, 1997).Moral hazard as described by Chrisman, Chua and Litz (2004) is another agency problem confronted by the incorporate governance. Its another kind of opportunism which includes utilizing, seizing and presume all extra benefits from a delegated sanction to radiation diagram in behalf of the principal. Since it is difficult for the principal to monitor agents, this authority is undeniably has a chance of being abuse or misused by the managers. This problems solution is to adapt a good monitoring system and internal self-governance by the principal which entails agency cost (Eisenhardt, 1989). As discussed by Berle and Means in 1932, a confederacy does not behave based with the conventional clay sculpture in which the agents must act in the beaver interest of the owners of the tr ue. Most likely as a consequence, the principal then would guarantee that the managers would act in their best interest. The idea of formulating a contract is relied upon by the agency theory to align the motives of both parties concerned. The goal is to balance the intention by allocating maximized values for shareholders and added incentives and benefits for the managers. Committee audits and performance evaluations by the panel may act as effective authority tool for monitoring and scrutinizing potentially opportunistic agents (Mustakallio, Autio and Zahra, 2002). This internal governance system as a solution to ensure the compliance of the agents bounded by the contract allow for simultaneously be given to a non-executive sect who will be composed of auditors, supervisors and other structural arrangements. This non-executive part of the ownership structure serves as the middle man interconnecting the principal and the agent having a role in monitoring, thereby extending an fa ntastic effect in the change or variation in control (Denis, 2001). In relation to corporate governance, legitimate actions against deceits and other modes of fraudulence may provide some fortification on the part of the principal. Economic analysis suggests that incorporating these solutions to the firm may considerably eliminate opportunism. But there are still factors that need to be considered in this special structure of the firm that is created for internal governance of which other forms of opportunism may arose in those entrusted with responsibility to check on the managers of the firm.The conceive made by Yermack in 1999 suggests that the board particularly its composition as an authority to monitor managers has an effect on the governance mechanism. The study on the effect of small board of directors in a company got the significant result that there is a positive correlation of this small size to great market valuation of a company. Meanwhile, Hannifa and Hudaib (2006) stands with the result of Yermack showing results based on more than 300 companies listed in Malaysia which proposed that a large board is less efficient in auditing the performance of the managers compared to a smaller oneness. Moreover, this huge composition of the board is quite pricey for the companies to maintain in terms of honorariums, commissions and compensation. But in terms of profit and company growth, the large board may seem to be of importance because of the diversity in experiences, knowledge and accountability. Nevertheless, the study made by Guest in 2009, showed a strong result on the non-relation of the large board size to the firm performance however they also robustly imply that they dont suggest to restrict large boards to obtain a better firm performance.All these efforts executed by principals to avoid agency problems, minding the fact that there are still managers that wont deliver exactly what theyre expected to, entails agency costs as discussed. Often, the goal of the principal is to minimize agency costs and focus on profit even if not in growth. hither comes the conflict of organizing the principal-agent dealingship (Shapiro, 2005) wherein the idea is exemplified but the measures are often inadequate, thus the alignment of the interests of the principal and manager is hardly ever absolute.A control-oriented firm is then considered necessary under agency theory which suggests that agents will not act to take full advantage of the returns to the principal if and only if systematic self-governance mechanisms are implemented in the firm to protect the shareholders interest (Jensen and Meckling, 1976).Stewardship theoryIn 1993, Block believes that firms implementing custodianship by front-running service rather of self-interest are those that are most effective in corporate governance. He believes that both the firm and individual needs will be greatly achieved by establishing trust-relationships and treating subordinates as part ners. Preston (1998) added a definition of Stewardship Theory to exemplify humane duties owed to all partners that recognizes the importance of a systematic fit of corporate governance considering the elements of its environment. Hosmer in 1996 identifies the need to augment the economic and social responsibilities in governance by recognizing the moral and ethical issues native in the stewardship theory. The managers role in stewardship theory is to maximize the potential of the firm and to pursue presbyopic-term wealthiness acquisition with organizational and individual desires best accomplished by assessing collective ends (Hosmer, 1996). The goal is on assuming accountability and responsibility for the organizational community. The model of a manager should be as a steward whose behavior is ordered and organizational whose collectivizedic behavior is of higher reverence than individualistic, self-serving conduct (Albanese, et al 1997). They exemplify that man being intellige nt makes rational, not irrational decisions, unlike agency proposers who dispute stewardship. Stewardship theory view employees as assets of the firm as the agency did but they differ in their treatment of the human natures motivation and ability of control. A true steward is driven by his need of self-actualization, growth and motion without being opportunistic and self-interested in his performance (Mejia et al., 2001).Stewardship ideology proposes that corporate governance structures should exercise advanced authority and prudence. (Davis et al, 1997) .The proponents discussed that high-level of authority and discretion is attained when the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) also assume the position of Chairman of the Board. Stewardship principle argues that the issue is whether or not the ownership structure assists and facilitates in the management consummation of high corporate and firm performance. When the CEO is also the chairman of the board, the organization will be facilita tive of this objective letting them assume apparent, clear and objective role expectations and authorize and empower higher and greater management. Thus, stewardship theory is not centralized on self-motivation through own financial gain, but the assumption of dickens roles as the chairman, at the same time as the manager of the corporation will produce maestro results and maximized returns to the shareholders than separation of the roles of the chair and CEO as exemplified by the agency theory. Duality of these roles is considered a functional from in stewardship perspective. According to Fama (1980), being an effective steward of their firm, CEOs and managers are also effectively managing their own assets and careers.Stewardship, however, has its own set of limitations and gaps. Since it is trust-based relationships, it assumes underlying informal agreements and not most of the time, the functional logic or prcised obligations (Mejia et al., 2001). Some authors ( Habbershon, 200 6 moth miller and Miller, 2005) argue that altruism mainly a compliment of stewardship might be influential in establishing an enormous network for the firm in its early stages, as employing a wide network of trustees or of relatives in cases of a family corporation (less concerned on their specifications) minimizing agency costs compared to a non-family member (Mejia et al., 2001).However, in the long run as the firm becomes more established, the need for well adept and professional managers arise to superintend up with the competition thereby expect an increase in the agency costs.In essence, the organizations over all environment systems influence the inclination of managers. In an organization which houses the philosophy for self-actualization and involve employee-owners tie, managers are inclined towards the stewardship perspective. Furthermore, collectivist behavior and non-power distance cultures encourages stewardship principles (Davis, Schoorman and Donaldson, 1997).Agenc y Theory vs. Stewardship TheoryAgency theory concentrates primarily on the association between the principal and the agents in corporations, having a formal and contractual nature of relationship however with the presumed goal indifference and incongruence of interest (Sharma, 1997). Meanwhile, Stewardship theory is involved mainly in analyzing the importance of the co-existence of trust-based relationships along with agency relations in firms (Corbetta and Salvato, 2004). The stewardship approach, which encompasses commitment and trust to shared goals and desires exhibited by the principal and the manager alike, aligns the interest of the two parties (Albanese, Dacin and Harris, 1997).In 1997 Davis, Shoorman and Donaldson provided two key points that differentiated the Agency and Stewardship theories. These are the motivation and power comparison. In an agency type, the manager is motivated by personal interests and extrinsic rewards. In the stewardship, the manager is motivated by the human need for intellectual growth, achievement, and self-actualization, and by intrinsic rewards. In an agency theory, the power is institutionally directed while in the stewardship, it is based on personal ability and power to run the particular organization.Davis, et al (1997) argue that the two theories are not mutually exclusive but create a link between agency and stewardship relationships. Clearly, the stewardship theory provided a room for the failures and gaps in the agency theory. A manager of a firm may choose what type of inclination he is up to particularly in decision making as long as these three assumptions are supplemented. First the decision must be mutually hold upon by both the principal and the agent. Secondly, it will always depend on the situation, and third objective is the expectations of the parties involved. Basing on the result of their study of 22 matrices on the possibilities of the actuations of the principal and agent, the agent can either opt t o perform in an agency or in a steward fashion, and so can the principal. There can be four possibilities of outcome in the governance using the link between agency and stewardship and depending on the choice of the concerned parties. Two of which are a concrete example of the agency theory where both have selected to uplift their self-interests and a true stewardship principle which maximize organizational performance. Other two possibilities of outcome which will result in one party taking advantage over the other and one recourse to injustice will result to low performance on the other party. When the principal acts as the steward and the manager acts as an agent, and on the other hand when the principal becomes opportunistic and the manager acts as a steward, which could pave the way for the frustration and declined feelings of self-worth to the aggravated party. The study on the relationship of these theories is very broad, thereby some wouldnt agree to the findings of Davis. A ccording to Albanese, Dacin, and Harris (1997) there is a distinction between agency theory and the agency problem of divided self interest. They discussed that stewardship simply refined and advanced agency theory, it does not present an alternative. Eisenhardts (1989) reexamine shows that agency theory was continually developed and is studied thoroughly with the incongruent self-interests of the principal-agent as the fundamental supposition. abstractThe agency model and stewardship model of the firm provide two different angles for understanding the governance of a firm, its decision making, its internal relationships, and its external relationships. This review advocates that the principal or manager acting as a steward, and employing people with similar expectations, is more in line with the traits needed for an organization to succeed like correct motivation, personal and company growth and self-actualization, thus increasing the potential for maximizing the performance of t he firm. Moreover, the advantage of the stewardship model over that of the agency is that it presents managers an organized different array of motivations which could potentially include the interests of all relevant firm movers (Preston 1998).