Reflective Essay

Hour w hen I first arrived Into the walls of Northwestern High School as a freshman, It was a new experience for me. Adapting to a new atmosphere was a big change In my life. From being use to Elementary, and Junior High Schools standards I had to critique my whole lifestyle. In doing this, I had to change the way I thought, my morals, values, timing, academics, and most of all my behavior. I can actually sit back and remember my first day of school like it was yesterday.Like trying to find my classes, finding a place to sit in the lunch room, wondering if I'm going to make any friends and the list goes on and on. This thing called â€Å"High School† was a new and major beginning in my life. After being adapted to the customs of this new school: like homework, essays, reports, and exams. My only stress relief was from extracurricular activities. I always look towards It being Like my little balm In Gilead. By growing up in a house of athletes, I always was Involved in some typ e of sport.Whether It be tennis, baseball, oddball, or even a game of amateur soccer, I was Just so grateful to be away from school work. As I still wander the halls of Northwestern, I often reflect back on my life, and how far I've come to this point that I'm at today. I can say that my work ethic never caught up until my junior year. That's when â€Å"life† really dawned on me. Over the past four years throughout High School I've learned that you shouldn't ask what the future holds because, you define it. You can control your destiny by the decisions you make, the manner in how you conduct yourself, and how you treat others.But, I can see the growth that I've achieved over the years. Not just my growth in school but as an individual. I no longer have the same goals as I once did; my standards and expectations are higher. In such a huge school where almost everyone knows everyone and their cousin, I can say that Eve made so many friends. Like my friends since the 9th Grade M s. Allan Williams a. K. A â€Å"Lana Pooh†, Chanted Fletcher, Kevin Chisholm, and Shannon Grant are Just a few whom Eve known almost the past four years. I can also that I've made quite a few enemies here and there to be honest.I rule can say that when you're trying to do your best, some people just get jealous which is saddens me but, I have to keep on rolling. My friends and I have gone through a lot of things emotionally, physically, and spiritually. But, we didn't let those things stop our determination to get through school. I can say Northwestern High School has provided me with leadership principles that I couldn't get anywhere else. From the social aspects of life, communication, mentoring, and guidance, these have put me in a position to where I can go into college with a ready and stable mind.I went from being Just â€Å"Anthony' to â€Å"Mr.. Anthony N. Houston† In Northwestern. I can't receive this type of recognition without thanking God first. I also hav e grown spiritually stronger while maturing In high school. Overall NEWS has equip and provided an ambiance which allowed me to transform from a boy Into a young man. Things that will be used in college but, most importantly in my future. Some things I might not come across in my following years nevertheless, I can say that Eve enjoyed every minute in high school.As a student, I have some regrets but, I let those be me a membranes, and my testimony. These few and short years have taught me a lot about myself, and the world around me. I know that these â€Å"once in a lifetime† experiences will never be forgotten and it will serve as a path to success in my near and great future. As for my fellow class mates, I wish you all the very best in the future. I hate to say goodbye on graduation day, so it'll Just be a simple â€Å"See you later† to keep us encouraged. I hope that their experiences will make them better and most of all wealthy in their future. Reflective essay I have been pursuing English as a subject consequently learning the importance of brainstorming, aspects of organizing prior to writing, revising and collaborating in writing. The subject has provided a gateway through which I have learnt the art of expressing myself, literature, grammar as well as the language Itself. However, this did not come without its challenges.English being my second language, it took me a while to learn the ropes and comprehend the language as well as writing it. The English subject has endowed me with organization skills in the art of essay writing through imparting the use of thesis statements, topic sentences, Introduction and conclusion paragraphs; as well as coherence techniques. Thesis statements are Introductory statements at the beginning of the essay with the information aimed at guiding the reader on what the essay is on and the scope it aims to cover.A topic sentence is found at the beginning of a paragraph and encompasses points to be covered In the entire body of the paragraph. I learnt the Important of coherence techniques In organizing as It ranges ideas into a logical and systematic order for example through the use of transitional terms as in the statement: The English language firstly teaches organization skills, secondly, grammar and finally sentence structure. In this case, transitional terms firstly, ‘secondly ‘and ‘finally' have been used for coherence.I was also able to learn how to use the introductory and conclusion sentences in writing; where I learnt that introduction sentences are used to introduce the stem ideas in an essay while a conclusion statement is used for providing a summary of all the ideas hat have been explained in the essay. Development skills were also Impacted whereby the use of specific details and use of explanation In stones as evidence to support the statements was learnt.The details and the evidence together with the examples provide a basis for the development of an id ea with the evidence being clearly Introduced and Its source being indicated. It may be followed up by an explanation or evaluative statement to further support the argument. As I participated in this class, I got a chance to sharpen my skills in the MALL citation quince that comprises in-text citation and bibliography. An example of in-text citation: Achilles is described as â€Å"wolf, a violator of every law of gods and men,† (Mallow, 58) with the work cited as Mallow.David. Ransom. Knops: Random House, 2009. Print. The use of quotations which are similar to the initial source of the statement can also be applied but should be attributed to the author though paraphrasing which can also be used involves putting a statement extract in your own words. The provision of credentials of experts cited Is also a necessity in the citations. Learning the subject gave me an opportunity to explore into other areas of research such as the internet.The website can be used as a source of current and up to date information. Use of website references ought to also be stated in the references Including the complete address for the site. The use local databases have also been helpful In providing access to reliable and verified scholarly articles and journals. As I look back on my graded essays, I realized that sentence grammar and 1 OFF The errors mostly appeared as sentence structures major comprising of run-on ententes.A run-on is a sentence comprising several main clauses that can stand as their own independent clauses but are strung together with improper punctuation appearing as a single sentence. An example: The student understood the presentation well (independent clause) the teacher was impressed (independent clause). The two can form a run-on statement: The student understood the presentation well the teacher was impressed. This can be corrected through the use of appropriate punctuation as: The student understood the presentation well. The teacher was impress ed.I am impressed that throughout my semester I have shown progressive improvement in eliminating the errors. I look forward to Joining the English IA class and I feel that I am ready to be successful in the class as it aims to enable students communicate effectively by emphasizing the importance of analytical reading and writing. I also believe that this class will enable me obtain different skills of writing from pre-writing, organizing, writing, revising and editing; all of which I have been introduced to in this class thus providing a solid foundation to learning English. Reflective Essay During the lessons taught in the past weeks, the most attention-grabbing topic covered to me was the four lenses temperament lesson. Taking the four color lenses test has made me see what type of temperament person I am and why I have been making some of the decisions I have. As my primary color being green, I now see that I am more abstract, independent, and research-oriented person. As I look at my other classmates, I also see how they act based on their lenses color.Knowing and realizing he different lenses colors, also gives me a basis on how to motivate the different temperaments. When dealing with an orange temperament I should expect to be challenged or debated. In which case I need to be flexible and adaptable so that tasked assigned can be accomplished. I think I can take this to my work center and understand why some of my subordinates act the way they do. Being mainly a green temperament, I am an independent thinker and don't accept things at face value which find me in a constant state of analysis to figure out how things work.Although being this type of temperament Is not a bad thing, I have also discover that I have a blind spot. Being that blue temperament is my blind spot, it makes me a little sightless to a person whose temperament are blue. These individuals are more sympathetic, sensitive, and compassionate. Recognizing and understanding what type of color lenses my subordinates fall under will give me a better comprehension on how to motivate the different temperaments and overall allow me makes the work environment more productive. Reflective Essay If I were to ask my subordinates what type of leader I am, they would probably say that I am a very task-oriented, down to business, pursue what I set out to do. Additionally, you would probably get some remarks about how I'm not afraid of the manual work and that I am always the first in and last out during the duty day. If you were to ask my supervisor about how I am as a follower, he would undoubtedly say that I'm dependable, goal oriented. He would say I'm a hard-worker and see through all tasks that I'm assigned, some of which may take some outside-the-box thinking.The leadership style I use is a mix of authoritarian and participative leadership. This is an effective style due to the nature of my work. If something has to be done quickly and without thought of others, I tend to be very authoritarian so they are able to focus on what actually needs to be done and not get caught up in trying to decide what the best course of action is. On the contrary, if there is time for decisio ns to be made, and, especially if the decision is one that will affect more than myself, I try and get input from everyone to get their thoughts. This this is the best way to get people to take a bit of ownership with it.I consider myself to be a good NCO. I am entrusted supervising and developing my subordinates. Although I consider myself a good NCO it does not mean I still don't have room for improvement. My supervisor can depend on me to do what needs to be done effectively. I ensure that the Job gets done in a timely and productive manner. I consider my task-oriented leadership a strength because it focuses me on the task at hand. It ensures that deadlines are met and jobs are completed. As far as my essence I see myself as being open minded, someone who wants to see the end result on any task. I always try to put 100 percent to everything I do. Reflective Essay By ensuring that we have a clear understanding of what we ant to achieve and how we will measure the success of the change† (â€Å"Implementation,† 2011, p. 1). The steps for implementing a policy. Plan Planning involves detailed research about what the policy is to accomplish and achieve. This happens on both the legislative side by creating a law that has beneficial and desired outcomes and on the organizational side by planning the responses the organization will make that are directly related to the policy.Having a solid understanding and a good plan in place is the first step for implementing a policy. Do The ‘Do' step of PADS involves design a plan to implement the policy into action. One key point is addressing the behaviors of the people who are likely to hold back or move away from the new policy and address them directly. There are always transformation, transition, and development stages to work through as part of the ‘Do' stage. Study In the study phase the results of the ‘Do' stage will be analyzed and measured for surprises, failures, successes, and consequences.In the study phase it is good to review the results and compare them to the predicted outcomes and establish modifications that will make the policy better from what was learned. Act In the ‘Act† stage you will take the information and data collected from the first three stages and make the appropriate changes. The policy may just need to be adapted with slight modifications. The policy may need to be adopted and changes made within the organization.The policy may need to be abandoned, completely changes and the PADS cycle started again. Role of major stakeholders in the process. The role of stakeholders is to participate in discussion that prioritize and describe the policy and how it is intended to be implemented. What can cause a policy to fail? A committee assignment can cause a policy to fail. If the committee has a Chair that does not suppor t the policy then it is likely to fail because it will not be put near the top of the agenda. Reflective Essay Katrina Wright Reflective Paper February 27, 2010 PDC-111 â€Å"Discovering Yourself† The topic â€Å"Discovering Yourself† was about the many different learning styles. This topic also was about how different individuals use various learning styles. My favorite assignments that I completed when this topic was covered are the Discovery Wheel and the Learning Style Inventory. The Discovery Wheel weighed strengthens and weaknesses of self- discovery, career planning, time, reading, notes, and tests. The Learning Style Inventory measured the importance of things From â€Å"Discovering Yourself† I gained knowledge about how to become a better learner and utilize the skills in school and in the workplace. I also feel this topic was beneficial because it taught me things I never knew about myself. I never realized that I needed to practice time management skills. I learned that I am a good career planner and a good note taker. I also learned that I must practice managing time and taking tests. I discovered that some people learn better by hearing, others by seeing, and others by doing. Additionally, I learned I am a visual learner. This topic means a lot to me because it helped me find myself. Discovering Yourself† has helped me be successful in college by showing me skills I need to practice. I can apply the knowledge I gained from the assignments completed on this topic to school and at work. I can apply what I learned from this chapter in school by acknowledging that I am a visual learner. For example, if something is said durin g a class lecture instead of relying on memory, I will write it down to better understand. I can apply practicing time management to the work field. For instance, if my boss says there is a meeting on the second Friday of every month, I would write it in a planner to help me better manage my time. Tests† The topic â€Å"Tests† was about how to become a better test taker and what to do before and during a test. This chapter covered memory techniques for taking test. Additionally, this topic was about why you should not cheat on tests. My favorite assignments that I completed in this chapter were journal entries16 and 18. In journal entry 16, I was instructed to look back on a time I had difficulties taking a test. In journal entry 18, I was instructed to make a list of excuses I make to avoid taking a test. From the chapter â€Å"Tests† I gained knowledge about how to become a better test taker. This topic was beneficial because I feel it entailed valuable information that is important for now and in the future. I learned that the key to mastering a test is study, study, study. I also was taught that if you are relaxed you retain text quickly and remember it more accurately. Furthermore, I learned to use mnemonic devices to remember things. This topic means a lot to me because it is important in everyday life. In my opinion, â€Å"Tests† will help me in college because it has taught me how to do well on test, which will improve my grades. I can apply the knowledge I gained from this chapter’s assignments to work and school. I can apply what I learned about being relaxed to work. For example, if I were given an assessment at work about what was covered at training; I would know to be calm so I could recall events the events at training. I can also apply mnemonic devices to work. For instance, if I was a grade school teacher I could use the mnemonic device Roy G. Biv to help children learn their colors. I can utilize mnemonic devices in school while taking a math test. I would use PEMDAS. (Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally) to remember the order of operations. â€Å"Time† The topic â€Å"Time† is about how to stop procrastination, organizing time, and managing time. It is also about how to use a long-term planner. My favorite assignments that I completed in this chapter were journal entry 8 and critical thinking exercise 14. Journal entry 8 instructed me to think about a time I waited until the last minute to complete an assignment and the repercussions of procrastination. Critical thinking 14 directed me to complete a planner for a whole week’s activity. From the chapter â€Å"Time† I gained knowledge on how to spend time productively. This chapter taught me not to procrastinate and to plan for future. This chapter was beneficial to me it had important information about how to use time. Time† means a lot to me because it taught me not to let life pass me by. I feel this chapter will help me succeed in college because it showed me the importance of planning, which will make planning to complete assignments easier. I can apply the knowledge I gained from this chapter’s assignments to work and school. I can apply not pro crastination to school. For example, if I were given an assignment two weeks before it was due I would do it in advance to ensure quality. I can also apply not procrastinating to work. For instance, if I wanted to become a police officer I would start getting in shape now to do well on the physical health test. Reflective Essay If I were to ask my subordinates what type of leader I am, they would probably say that I am a very task-oriented, down to business, pursue what I set out to do. Additionally, you would probably get some remarks about how I'm not afraid of the manual work and that I am always the first in and last out during the duty day. If you were to ask my supervisor about how I am as a follower, he would undoubtedly say that I'm dependable, goal oriented. He would say I'm a hard-worker and see through all tasks that I'm assigned, some of which may take some outside-the-box thinking.The leadership style I use is a mix of authoritarian and participative leadership. This is an effective style due to the nature of my work. If something has to be done quickly and without thought of others, I tend to be very authoritarian so they are able to focus on what actually needs to be done and not get caught up in trying to decide what the best course of action is. On the contrary, if there is time for decisio ns to be made, and, especially if the decision is one that will affect more than myself, I try and get input from everyone to get their thoughts. This this is the best way to get people to take a bit of ownership with it.I consider myself to be a good NCO. I am entrusted supervising and developing my subordinates. Although I consider myself a good NCO it does not mean I still don't have room for improvement. My supervisor can depend on me to do what needs to be done effectively. I ensure that the Job gets done in a timely and productive manner. I consider my task-oriented leadership a strength because it focuses me on the task at hand. It ensures that deadlines are met and jobs are completed. As far as my essence I see myself as being open minded, someone who wants to see the end result on any task. I always try to put 100 percent to everything I do. Reflective Essay A REFLECTIVE ESSAY This is a reflective essay based on a event which took place in a hospital setting. The aim of this essay is to explore how members of the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) worked together and communicate with each other to achieve the best patients outcome. Reflection is an everyday process and is very personal matter. Jasper (2003) suggests that reflection is one of the key ways in which we can learn from our experiences. Reflective practice can be defined as process of making sense of events, situations and actions that occur in the workplace (Oelofsen, 2012). There are a different models of reflection.One of them is Johns (1994) model of reflection, this model is based on five cue questions: description, reflection, influencing factors, alternative strategies and learning. That enable practitioner to break down his/her experience. Gibbs (1988) is another common model of reflection which consists of six stages: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. The structure allows the reflection to be written in a clear way. In accordance with the NMC (2008) code of professional conduct, confidentiality should be maintain and all names will be anonymous.Ii this essay I will use Gibbs (1988) model as a guide for my reflection. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of event. On the beginning of one of my shifts, my mentor informed me that I can participate in Multidisciplinary Team meeting. A Multidisciplinary Team meeting is a meeting of the group of professions from one or more clinical disciplines who together make decision regarding recommended treatment of individual patients (NHS 2012). I work on the ward on which these meetings are held every day.On that day the meeting was attended by medical doctors, deputy sister, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, discharge coordinator, social worker and community nurse. Order of the meeting was as follows: at the outset a brief descript ion of the patient was given by deputy sister. Then one of the doctors presented the patient current medical situation. At the end the other members of the team have time to take voice. They discussed medical and social situation of each individual patient. The team focused on planning and reviewing patients' goals, they also made a joint decision about discharge plans and destinations.I was given the opportunity to observe multidisciplinary team members working together and participated in the discussion about patients whom I took care of. The second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings. My feelings at the time were mixed. I felt welcome and accepted within the MDT meeting. Many of the professionals who took part in the meeting,I knew from my daily work, and this made me feel comfortable. The MDT listened to my opinion and asked further questions. I always thought of myself as a confident person.However, when I stood and spoke in front of more qualified people then myself, my confidence vanished. I had no experience in speaking in front of large group and I was very nervous. For this reason my speech was not always consistent. In such a case, my mentor supported me and helped me by asking additional question that lead me to the right way. I found it very interesting to see how MDT cooperate and communicate well with each other . I am going to enter the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection which is evaluation.There are many positive aspects of the MDT meeting. One of them is that the health professionals of different specialities are working as a team to achieve the same goals. The team members have different skills and knowledge. Their roles and responsibilities vary and are based on their professional experience. Thurgood et al. (2011) suggests that this skill mix is one of the most important benefits of working in MDT. Works in a team allows to collect informations from all its members which ens ures that no important information about the patient will be ignored or missed.Another big advantage of these meetings is that they are carried out every day. According to Whyte et al. ((2007) the most frequently team members meet face to face and have the chance to discuss issues and work together, the better communication will be. However, if effective communication among the team is not achieved, errors may occur. It is the major disadvantages of the MDT. The National Patient Safety Agency (2007) communication difficulties identified as a main factor influencing patient outcomes.Stage four of Gibbs(1988) model is an analysis of the event. Communication is defined as a process that involves a meaningful exchange between at least two people to convey facts, needs, opinions, thoughts, feelings or other information through both verbal and non-verbal means, including face to face exchanges and the written word (DH 2010). For the MDT is important to effectively communicate with each ot her and overcome all communication barriers that may arise because poor communication among health professionals can negatively impact patient care.Atmosphere during the meeting was friendly and thank to this that all team members knew each other from daily meetings effective communication was easily achieved. However, there was a few problems. A noticeable issue was that medical abbreviation used by the doctor were not understood by others members of the team. This led to interruption of his speech to find out about their mining. This is mainly related to the fact that different health care workers have different training and education. Another factor who had significant influence on the MDT meeting and extended it was partially not updated handover from previous shift.The team had to correct the informations contained in it. In this case the handover missed its intended purpose because it was originally designed to transfer information concerning an individual patient with outstan ding task from the outgoing to the incoming teams (Farhan et al. 2012). I think that I did well by participating in this meeting. As a student but also as a front line worker I could learn a lot from other professionals and I was able to inform the members of the team about the patients, whom I looked after, progress.This is important because as a front line worker I interact more with patients during their hospital stay then any other health professional in the MDT ( Hamilton, Martin, 2007). If I had not given my opinion on the patients care, they could not benefit from the MDT as much as they did. Conclusion is the fifth stage of Gibbs (1988) cycle. The MDT give me the opportunity to work closely with other health professionals and better understanding their roles. I could clearly see that effective communication encourages collaboration, help prevent errors and can influence the success or failure of the patient care and treatment.This experience helped me to learn the importance of sharing of skills and professional experience with others for the benefit of patient outcomes. This will help me to work effectively with others team members in the future. This situation showed me straights and weaknesses in my communication skills. As communication is a key building the relationship with others I need to continuously develop this knowledge. I also realized that speaking in front of large group of people is hard for me and this is the area which I have to improve. The final stage of Gibbs(1988) model of reflection is action plan.If I find myself in this type of situation again I would be more confident in discussing about the patients and their needs. Communication is a skill that can be learned and continually improver (Webb, 2011). For this purpose I created an action plan that will help me to improved my this skills and gain self-confidence. The first objective in my action plan is to meet my mentor in order to discuses the whole situation and obtain feedbac k. The next point is to research further the appropriate literature to gain new informations and develop my knowledge.I also want to attend a conflict resolution study day to learn how to resolve conflicts. Communication with others can be challenging (Webb, 2011) and conflicts may arise at any time, not only between team members but also between health professionals and patients or their families. Summarizing, reflection on this experience allowed me to identify gaps in my knowledge and establish my own learning needs. Gibbs (1988) model of reflection given me the chance to explore my thoughts and feelings, analyse the situation and draw conclusion for the future. This essay also enabled me to connect theory and practice. Reflective Essay Katrina Wright Reflective Paper February 27, 2010 PDC-111 â€Å"Discovering Yourself† The topic â€Å"Discovering Yourself† was about the many different learning styles. This topic also was about how different individuals use various learning styles. My favorite assignments that I completed when this topic was covered are the Discovery Wheel and the Learning Style Inventory. The Discovery Wheel weighed strengthens and weaknesses of self- discovery, career planning, time, reading, notes, and tests. The Learning Style Inventory measured the importance of things From â€Å"Discovering Yourself† I gained knowledge about how to become a better learner and utilize the skills in school and in the workplace. I also feel this topic was beneficial because it taught me things I never knew about myself. I never realized that I needed to practice time management skills. I learned that I am a good career planner and a good note taker. I also learned that I must practice managing time and taking tests. I discovered that some people learn better by hearing, others by seeing, and others by doing. Additionally, I learned I am a visual learner. This topic means a lot to me because it helped me find myself. Discovering Yourself† has helped me be successful in college by showing me skills I need to practice. I can apply the knowledge I gained from the assignments completed on this topic to school and at work. I can apply what I learned from this chapter in school by acknowledging that I am a visual learner. For example, if something is said durin g a class lecture instead of relying on memory, I will write it down to better understand. I can apply practicing time management to the work field. For instance, if my boss says there is a meeting on the second Friday of every month, I would write it in a planner to help me better manage my time. Tests† The topic â€Å"Tests† was about how to become a better test taker and what to do before and during a test. This chapter covered memory techniques for taking test. Additionally, this topic was about why you should not cheat on tests. My favorite assignments that I completed in this chapter were journal entries16 and 18. In journal entry 16, I was instructed to look back on a time I had difficulties taking a test. In journal entry 18, I was instructed to make a list of excuses I make to avoid taking a test. From the chapter â€Å"Tests† I gained knowledge about how to become a better test taker. This topic was beneficial because I feel it entailed valuable information that is important for now and in the future. I learned that the key to mastering a test is study, study, study. I also was taught that if you are relaxed you retain text quickly and remember it more accurately. Furthermore, I learned to use mnemonic devices to remember things. This topic means a lot to me because it is important in everyday life. In my opinion, â€Å"Tests† will help me in college because it has taught me how to do well on test, which will improve my grades. I can apply the knowledge I gained from this chapter’s assignments to work and school. I can apply what I learned about being relaxed to work. For example, if I were given an assessment at work about what was covered at training; I would know to be calm so I could recall events the events at training. I can also apply mnemonic devices to work. For instance, if I was a grade school teacher I could use the mnemonic device Roy G. Biv to help children learn their colors. I can utilize mnemonic devices in school while taking a math test. I would use PEMDAS. (Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally) to remember the order of operations. â€Å"Time† The topic â€Å"Time† is about how to stop procrastination, organizing time, and managing time. It is also about how to use a long-term planner. My favorite assignments that I completed in this chapter were journal entry 8 and critical thinking exercise 14. Journal entry 8 instructed me to think about a time I waited until the last minute to complete an assignment and the repercussions of procrastination. Critical thinking 14 directed me to complete a planner for a whole week’s activity. From the chapter â€Å"Time† I gained knowledge on how to spend time productively. This chapter taught me not to procrastinate and to plan for future. This chapter was beneficial to me it had important information about how to use time. Time† means a lot to me because it taught me not to let life pass me by. I feel this chapter will help me succeed in college because it showed me the importance of planning, which will make planning to complete assignments easier. I can apply the knowledge I gained from this chapter’s assignments to work and school. I can apply not pro crastination to school. For example, if I were given an assignment two weeks before it was due I would do it in advance to ensure quality. I can also apply not procrastinating to work. For instance, if I wanted to become a police officer I would start getting in shape now to do well on the physical health test. Reflective Essay Katrina Wright Reflective Paper February 27, 2010 PDC-111 â€Å"Discovering Yourself† The topic â€Å"Discovering Yourself† was about the many different learning styles. This topic also was about how different individuals use various learning styles. My favorite assignments that I completed when this topic was covered are the Discovery Wheel and the Learning Style Inventory. The Discovery Wheel weighed strengthens and weaknesses of self- discovery, career planning, time, reading, notes, and tests. The Learning Style Inventory measured the importance of things From â€Å"Discovering Yourself† I gained knowledge about how to become a better learner and utilize the skills in school and in the workplace. I also feel this topic was beneficial because it taught me things I never knew about myself. I never realized that I needed to practice time management skills. I learned that I am a good career planner and a good note taker. I also learned that I must practice managing time and taking tests. I discovered that some people learn better by hearing, others by seeing, and others by doing. Additionally, I learned I am a visual learner. This topic means a lot to me because it helped me find myself. Discovering Yourself† has helped me be successful in college by showing me skills I need to practice. I can apply the knowledge I gained from the assignments completed on this topic to school and at work. I can apply what I learned from this chapter in school by acknowledging that I am a visual learner. For example, if something is said durin g a class lecture instead of relying on memory, I will write it down to better understand. I can apply practicing time management to the work field. For instance, if my boss says there is a meeting on the second Friday of every month, I would write it in a planner to help me better manage my time. Tests† The topic â€Å"Tests† was about how to become a better test taker and what to do before and during a test. This chapter covered memory techniques for taking test. Additionally, this topic was about why you should not cheat on tests. My favorite assignments that I completed in this chapter were journal entries16 and 18. In journal entry 16, I was instructed to look back on a time I had difficulties taking a test. In journal entry 18, I was instructed to make a list of excuses I make to avoid taking a test. From the chapter â€Å"Tests† I gained knowledge about how to become a better test taker. This topic was beneficial because I feel it entailed valuable information that is important for now and in the future. I learned that the key to mastering a test is study, study, study. I also was taught that if you are relaxed you retain text quickly and remember it more accurately. Furthermore, I learned to use mnemonic devices to remember things. This topic means a lot to me because it is important in everyday life. In my opinion, â€Å"Tests† will help me in college because it has taught me how to do well on test, which will improve my grades. I can apply the knowledge I gained from this chapter’s assignments to work and school. I can apply what I learned about being relaxed to work. For example, if I were given an assessment at work about what was covered at training; I would know to be calm so I could recall events the events at training. I can also apply mnemonic devices to work. For instance, if I was a grade school teacher I could use the mnemonic device Roy G. Biv to help children learn their colors. I can utilize mnemonic devices in school while taking a math test. I would use PEMDAS. (Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally) to remember the order of operations. â€Å"Time† The topic â€Å"Time† is about how to stop procrastination, organizing time, and managing time. It is also about how to use a long-term planner. My favorite assignments that I completed in this chapter were journal entry 8 and critical thinking exercise 14. Journal entry 8 instructed me to think about a time I waited until the last minute to complete an assignment and the repercussions of procrastination. Critical thinking 14 directed me to complete a planner for a whole week’s activity. From the chapter â€Å"Time† I gained knowledge on how to spend time productively. This chapter taught me not to procrastinate and to plan for future. This chapter was beneficial to me it had important information about how to use time. Time† means a lot to me because it taught me not to let life pass me by. I feel this chapter will help me succeed in college because it showed me the importance of planning, which will make planning to complete assignments easier. I can apply the knowledge I gained from this chapter’s assignments to work and school. I can apply not pro crastination to school. For example, if I were given an assignment two weeks before it was due I would do it in advance to ensure quality. I can also apply not procrastinating to work. For instance, if I wanted to become a police officer I would start getting in shape now to do well on the physical health test. Reflective Essay By ensuring that we have a clear understanding of what we ant to achieve and how we will measure the success of the change† (â€Å"Implementation,† 2011, p. 1). The steps for implementing a policy. Plan Planning involves detailed research about what the policy is to accomplish and achieve. This happens on both the legislative side by creating a law that has beneficial and desired outcomes and on the organizational side by planning the responses the organization will make that are directly related to the policy.Having a solid understanding and a good plan in place is the first step for implementing a policy. Do The ‘Do' step of PADS involves design a plan to implement the policy into action. One key point is addressing the behaviors of the people who are likely to hold back or move away from the new policy and address them directly. There are always transformation, transition, and development stages to work through as part of the ‘Do' stage. Study In the study phase the results of the ‘Do' stage will be analyzed and measured for surprises, failures, successes, and consequences.In the study phase it is good to review the results and compare them to the predicted outcomes and establish modifications that will make the policy better from what was learned. Act In the ‘Act† stage you will take the information and data collected from the first three stages and make the appropriate changes. The policy may just need to be adapted with slight modifications. The policy may need to be adopted and changes made within the organization.The policy may need to be abandoned, completely changes and the PADS cycle started again. Role of major stakeholders in the process. The role of stakeholders is to participate in discussion that prioritize and describe the policy and how it is intended to be implemented. What can cause a policy to fail? A committee assignment can cause a policy to fail. If the committee has a Chair that does not suppor t the policy then it is likely to fail because it will not be put near the top of the agenda. Reflective Essay A REFLECTIVE ESSAY This is a reflective essay based on a event which took place in a hospital setting. The aim of this essay is to explore how members of the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) worked together and communicate with each other to achieve the best patients outcome. Reflection is an everyday process and is very personal matter. Jasper (2003) suggests that reflection is one of the key ways in which we can learn from our experiences. Reflective practice can be defined as process of making sense of events, situations and actions that occur in the workplace (Oelofsen, 2012). There are a different models of reflection.One of them is Johns (1994) model of reflection, this model is based on five cue questions: description, reflection, influencing factors, alternative strategies and learning. That enable practitioner to break down his/her experience. Gibbs (1988) is another common model of reflection which consists of six stages: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. The structure allows the reflection to be written in a clear way. In accordance with the NMC (2008) code of professional conduct, confidentiality should be maintain and all names will be anonymous.Ii this essay I will use Gibbs (1988) model as a guide for my reflection. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of event. On the beginning of one of my shifts, my mentor informed me that I can participate in Multidisciplinary Team meeting. A Multidisciplinary Team meeting is a meeting of the group of professions from one or more clinical disciplines who together make decision regarding recommended treatment of individual patients (NHS 2012). I work on the ward on which these meetings are held every day.On that day the meeting was attended by medical doctors, deputy sister, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, discharge coordinator, social worker and community nurse. Order of the meeting was as follows: at the outset a brief descript ion of the patient was given by deputy sister. Then one of the doctors presented the patient current medical situation. At the end the other members of the team have time to take voice. They discussed medical and social situation of each individual patient. The team focused on planning and reviewing patients' goals, they also made a joint decision about discharge plans and destinations.I was given the opportunity to observe multidisciplinary team members working together and participated in the discussion about patients whom I took care of. The second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings. My feelings at the time were mixed. I felt welcome and accepted within the MDT meeting. Many of the professionals who took part in the meeting,I knew from my daily work, and this made me feel comfortable. The MDT listened to my opinion and asked further questions. I always thought of myself as a confident person.However, when I stood and spoke in front of more qualified people then myself, my confidence vanished. I had no experience in speaking in front of large group and I was very nervous. For this reason my speech was not always consistent. In such a case, my mentor supported me and helped me by asking additional question that lead me to the right way. I found it very interesting to see how MDT cooperate and communicate well with each other . I am going to enter the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection which is evaluation.There are many positive aspects of the MDT meeting. One of them is that the health professionals of different specialities are working as a team to achieve the same goals. The team members have different skills and knowledge. Their roles and responsibilities vary and are based on their professional experience. Thurgood et al. (2011) suggests that this skill mix is one of the most important benefits of working in MDT. Works in a team allows to collect informations from all its members which ens ures that no important information about the patient will be ignored or missed.Another big advantage of these meetings is that they are carried out every day. According to Whyte et al. ((2007) the most frequently team members meet face to face and have the chance to discuss issues and work together, the better communication will be. However, if effective communication among the team is not achieved, errors may occur. It is the major disadvantages of the MDT. The National Patient Safety Agency (2007) communication difficulties identified as a main factor influencing patient outcomes.Stage four of Gibbs(1988) model is an analysis of the event. Communication is defined as a process that involves a meaningful exchange between at least two people to convey facts, needs, opinions, thoughts, feelings or other information through both verbal and non-verbal means, including face to face exchanges and the written word (DH 2010). For the MDT is important to effectively communicate with each ot her and overcome all communication barriers that may arise because poor communication among health professionals can negatively impact patient care.Atmosphere during the meeting was friendly and thank to this that all team members knew each other from daily meetings effective communication was easily achieved. However, there was a few problems. A noticeable issue was that medical abbreviation used by the doctor were not understood by others members of the team. This led to interruption of his speech to find out about their mining. This is mainly related to the fact that different health care workers have different training and education. Another factor who had significant influence on the MDT meeting and extended it was partially not updated handover from previous shift.The team had to correct the informations contained in it. In this case the handover missed its intended purpose because it was originally designed to transfer information concerning an individual patient with outstan ding task from the outgoing to the incoming teams (Farhan et al. 2012). I think that I did well by participating in this meeting. As a student but also as a front line worker I could learn a lot from other professionals and I was able to inform the members of the team about the patients, whom I looked after, progress.This is important because as a front line worker I interact more with patients during their hospital stay then any other health professional in the MDT ( Hamilton, Martin, 2007). If I had not given my opinion on the patients care, they could not benefit from the MDT as much as they did. Conclusion is the fifth stage of Gibbs (1988) cycle. The MDT give me the opportunity to work closely with other health professionals and better understanding their roles. I could clearly see that effective communication encourages collaboration, help prevent errors and can influence the success or failure of the patient care and treatment.This experience helped me to learn the importance of sharing of skills and professional experience with others for the benefit of patient outcomes. This will help me to work effectively with others team members in the future. This situation showed me straights and weaknesses in my communication skills. As communication is a key building the relationship with others I need to continuously develop this knowledge. I also realized that speaking in front of large group of people is hard for me and this is the area which I have to improve. The final stage of Gibbs(1988) model of reflection is action plan.If I find myself in this type of situation again I would be more confident in discussing about the patients and their needs. Communication is a skill that can be learned and continually improver (Webb, 2011). For this purpose I created an action plan that will help me to improved my this skills and gain self-confidence. The first objective in my action plan is to meet my mentor in order to discuses the whole situation and obtain feedbac k. The next point is to research further the appropriate literature to gain new informations and develop my knowledge.I also want to attend a conflict resolution study day to learn how to resolve conflicts. Communication with others can be challenging (Webb, 2011) and conflicts may arise at any time, not only between team members but also between health professionals and patients or their families. Summarizing, reflection on this experience allowed me to identify gaps in my knowledge and establish my own learning needs. Gibbs (1988) model of reflection given me the chance to explore my thoughts and feelings, analyse the situation and draw conclusion for the future. This essay also enabled me to connect theory and practice. Reflective Essay A REFLECTIVE ESSAY This is a reflective essay based on a event which took place in a hospital setting. The aim of this essay is to explore how members of the Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) worked together and communicate with each other to achieve the best patients outcome. Reflection is an everyday process and is very personal matter. Jasper (2003) suggests that reflection is one of the key ways in which we can learn from our experiences. Reflective practice can be defined as process of making sense of events, situations and actions that occur in the workplace (Oelofsen, 2012). There are a different models of reflection.One of them is Johns (1994) model of reflection, this model is based on five cue questions: description, reflection, influencing factors, alternative strategies and learning. That enable practitioner to break down his/her experience. Gibbs (1988) is another common model of reflection which consists of six stages: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. The structure allows the reflection to be written in a clear way. In accordance with the NMC (2008) code of professional conduct, confidentiality should be maintain and all names will be anonymous.Ii this essay I will use Gibbs (1988) model as a guide for my reflection. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of event. On the beginning of one of my shifts, my mentor informed me that I can participate in Multidisciplinary Team meeting. A Multidisciplinary Team meeting is a meeting of the group of professions from one or more clinical disciplines who together make decision regarding recommended treatment of individual patients (NHS 2012). I work on the ward on which these meetings are held every day.On that day the meeting was attended by medical doctors, deputy sister, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, discharge coordinator, social worker and community nurse. Order of the meeting was as follows: at the outset a brief descript ion of the patient was given by deputy sister. Then one of the doctors presented the patient current medical situation. At the end the other members of the team have time to take voice. They discussed medical and social situation of each individual patient. The team focused on planning and reviewing patients' goals, they also made a joint decision about discharge plans and destinations.I was given the opportunity to observe multidisciplinary team members working together and participated in the discussion about patients whom I took care of. The second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings. My feelings at the time were mixed. I felt welcome and accepted within the MDT meeting. Many of the professionals who took part in the meeting,I knew from my daily work, and this made me feel comfortable. The MDT listened to my opinion and asked further questions. I always thought of myself as a confident person.However, when I stood and spoke in front of more qualified people then myself, my confidence vanished. I had no experience in speaking in front of large group and I was very nervous. For this reason my speech was not always consistent. In such a case, my mentor supported me and helped me by asking additional question that lead me to the right way. I found it very interesting to see how MDT cooperate and communicate well with each other . I am going to enter the third stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection which is evaluation.There are many positive aspects of the MDT meeting. One of them is that the health professionals of different specialities are working as a team to achieve the same goals. The team members have different skills and knowledge. Their roles and responsibilities vary and are based on their professional experience. Thurgood et al. (2011) suggests that this skill mix is one of the most important benefits of working in MDT. Works in a team allows to collect informations from all its members which ens ures that no important information about the patient will be ignored or missed.Another big advantage of these meetings is that they are carried out every day. According to Whyte et al. ((2007) the most frequently team members meet face to face and have the chance to discuss issues and work together, the better communication will be. However, if effective communication among the team is not achieved, errors may occur. It is the major disadvantages of the MDT. The National Patient Safety Agency (2007) communication difficulties identified as a main factor influencing patient outcomes.Stage four of Gibbs(1988) model is an analysis of the event. Communication is defined as a process that involves a meaningful exchange between at least two people to convey facts, needs, opinions, thoughts, feelings or other information through both verbal and non-verbal means, including face to face exchanges and the written word (DH 2010). For the MDT is important to effectively communicate with each ot her and overcome all communication barriers that may arise because poor communication among health professionals can negatively impact patient care.Atmosphere during the meeting was friendly and thank to this that all team members knew each other from daily meetings effective communication was easily achieved. However, there was a few problems. A noticeable issue was that medical abbreviation used by the doctor were not understood by others members of the team. This led to interruption of his speech to find out about their mining. This is mainly related to the fact that different health care workers have different training and education. Another factor who had significant influence on the MDT meeting and extended it was partially not updated handover from previous shift.The team had to correct the informations contained in it. In this case the handover missed its intended purpose because it was originally designed to transfer information concerning an individual patient with outstan ding task from the outgoing to the incoming teams (Farhan et al. 2012). I think that I did well by participating in this meeting. As a student but also as a front line worker I could learn a lot from other professionals and I was able to inform the members of the team about the patients, whom I looked after, progress.This is important because as a front line worker I interact more with patients during their hospital stay then any other health professional in the MDT ( Hamilton, Martin, 2007). If I had not given my opinion on the patients care, they could not benefit from the MDT as much as they did. Conclusion is the fifth stage of Gibbs (1988) cycle. The MDT give me the opportunity to work closely with other health professionals and better understanding their roles. I could clearly see that effective communication encourages collaboration, help prevent errors and can influence the success or failure of the patient care and treatment.This experience helped me to learn the importance of sharing of skills and professional experience with others for the benefit of patient outcomes. This will help me to work effectively with others team members in the future. This situation showed me straights and weaknesses in my communication skills. As communication is a key building the relationship with others I need to continuously develop this knowledge. I also realized that speaking in front of large group of people is hard for me and this is the area which I have to improve. The final stage of Gibbs(1988) model of reflection is action plan.If I find myself in this type of situation again I would be more confident in discussing about the patients and their needs. Communication is a skill that can be learned and continually improver (Webb, 2011). For this purpose I created an action plan that will help me to improved my this skills and gain self-confidence. The first objective in my action plan is to meet my mentor in order to discuses the whole situation and obtain feedbac k. The next point is to research further the appropriate literature to gain new informations and develop my knowledge.I also want to attend a conflict resolution study day to learn how to resolve conflicts. Communication with others can be challenging (Webb, 2011) and conflicts may arise at any time, not only between team members but also between health professionals and patients or their families. Summarizing, reflection on this experience allowed me to identify gaps in my knowledge and establish my own learning needs. Gibbs (1988) model of reflection given me the chance to explore my thoughts and feelings, analyse the situation and draw conclusion for the future. This essay also enabled me to connect theory and practice.

Character, theme and narrative in the soap opera Essay

From watching one particular episode of the famous soap ‘Eastenders’ I was able to attain plenty of information and reference to certain areas of a soap. There are specific codes and conventions to particular narratives that are easy to identify. Obviously in each soap, the same sort of things occur and the audience can recognise this, thus such an appeal for soaps. In this single episode of ‘Eastenders’, the themes included are easily identifiable as being part of a soap. It includes all the drama in everyday life within one session of 30minutes. We are able to see potential fights, arguing, loving and a typical ‘goodie’ and ‘baddie’ scenario. Also there is mention of wedding and divorce, evidently showing mixed emotions. Furthermore, a noticeable feature of Eastenders is that there is a comic relief – as there is a build up of suspense and tension, then a scene change to ‘Patrick’ who supplies the audience with moments of laughter, along with a small selection of other characters. Location is an immense feature to Eastenders. There are a number of places you anticipate to be featured in each episode – the Queen Vic pub being the most notorious. Also within one street (square) there is 6 places of work – all featured in this one episode. The jobs all being inter-gender and featuring different types of characters who play different roles with a wide range of age gaps. Ie. Garage, launderette, cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½, E20 nightclub and a B & B. In this 30 minute slot, which in Eastenders’ time is one full day – from early morning to late night, we are able to see the pub closed, quiet and busy. Also when the pub is featured, the concentration is only on a conversation involving just two people, although you can hear other characters in the atmos, they are not seen. This is where camera angles become important. ‘Over the shoulder’ shot is most commonly featured throughout when showing a clip of two characters talking. Also whilst in the middle of a conversation there is a sharp camera swap to a close -up view of the person speaking, which only last for a few seconds. These are things that the audience take for granted but need plenty of thought and trials. There is only one point in the episode where one person is shown alone – this being Peggy Mitchell who is talking to herself and allowing the viewers to empathise with her and share her emotions. She is a dominant family-heading female who is stressing her unhappiness to the viewers. This is when we see a wider range of camera angles used as the photographers want us to see her differently and also let us see the setting and background which is a clever tactic so we can recognise where she is and what her method of thinking is. Also the cameras seem a similar distance away from each character, and this means they never raise their voice and throughout the same volume of speech is enforced. A synopsis of what is actually happening in the episode is a number of storylines revolving around each other – most of them having some sort of link or connection. The storylines are as follows : * Phil Mitchell after his disturbed ex-wife Lisa and his baby * A triangle love situation between Little Mo, ‘comical’ Billy and ‘Mr. Nasty’ Trevor. * Sonia’s relationship with both Gus and Jamie * Janine’s flirting and misleading – this linking into events occurring in the bed and breakfast. * Tom’s mental state of mind * Jim Brannan losing his job and Ricky in desperate need of one There is also other small ones developing but these are the main pinpointed ones. The storylines are age specific, therefore aimed at a wide range of viewers. In addition to this as storylines build up and characters become uneased in the episode, there seems to be no atmos/background music to dramatise the situation, which is a convention often employed by soap-makers. No music at all is used throughout the episode, excluding the catchy and easily remembered theme tune at the beginning of the soap. Also the mini-cliffhangers at the conclusion of the soap is followed by the distinctive tune. This soap, like most others has no graphics used or clear use of modern hi-tech technology. There is just a simple, straightforward map of the East end of London at the beginning with the River Thames flowing through. This being very eye-catching and appealing. On the whole it is obvious to see that one 30minute episode of a soap can include so much detail, information and thought.

The Attitude towards Alzheimer's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Attitude towards Alzheimer's - Essay Example Although research on care-giving disproportionally deals with topics such as costs of care, service utilization, and negative psychosocial outcomes etc, the influence of the attitude towards Alzheimer's on the care-giving to the patients has not attained significant attention in researches. Researches on the attitude of the family members towards Alzheimer's have great relevance as it can aid better care offered to the individuals with Alzheimer's by the people immediately close to them. As it is families who deal with life, it is important for families to deal with diseases, especially a disease like Alzheimer's. "Given that Alzheimer's is a disruptive yet often subtle disease, infinitely variable, it tends to bring about family crisis, even in the best organized and healthiest of families. This is because the beginnings of the disease involve gradual loss of ability to function well in life, rather than specific symptoms needing specific treatment. It is a disease of behaviors, and families have to make decisions about their own behaviors in response to the illness. In families with unhealthy interaction patterns, Alzheimer's disease becomes a new battleground." (Gray-Davidson, 1999, p. 47). Therefore, the attitude of the families towards Alzheimer's has an important impact on the care offered to individuals with Alzheimer's disease and a research on the different attitudes can contribute to a better health-care offered to patients with Alzheimer's. Scope The attitude of the families towards Alzheimer's has been found one of the most essential factors influencing the type of care offered to individuals with Alzheimer's. A reflective analysis of the various common attitudes towards Alzheimer's and their influences on the health-care can determine the various effective ways to treat the patients and help them in coping with the particular situation of the life. Therefore, the scope of research concerning attitude of the families towards Alzheimer's is vast and this specific study focuses on determining the essential elements in the different attitudes towards Alzheimer's. Hypothesis One of the basic factors determining the care given to individuals with Alzheimer's is the attitude of the families towards Alzheimer's as family is the essential unit of the society to deal with the issues confronting individuals with Alzheimer's. Therefore, the underlying hypothesis of this study is that the attitude of the families towards Alzheimer's has a major influence on how the patient is treated and looked after in the family background and it is essential to develop a positive attitude towards Alzheimer's in order to assist the patient effectively. Literature Review Various types of attitudes by different section of the society towards Alzheimer's have a major influence on the diagnosis, health-care, and treatment of the disease. For example, a physician's positive attitude towards Alzheimer's has been found one of the most essential factors in early diagnosis of the disease and it can affect how the patient is offered health-care in the course of the disease. "In their ongoing study, Paterson and colleagues found that a doctor's positive attitude about the identification and treatment of dementia is the most

American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

American History - Essay Example This act of civil disobedience became the spark that ignited the masses during the 1950’s and 1960’s in protesting the racial inequalities. The government, today widely viewed as a body that finds solutions to such social problems, was the entity that created this problem in the first place. The Jim Crow laws that disenfranchised black voters ensured that only white opinions mattered in the political process. Segregation, during the Jim Crow era, was not limited to transportation mediums. In Alabama, hospitals, whether public or private, could not require a white nurse to care for blacks (â€Å"Jim Crow Laws†, 1998). The subject of segregation became a much discussed topic during World War II. The nation that hailed itself as the symbol of freedom sent its young men to fight and die in a war to make the world safe for democracy. An embarrassing aspect of this high idealistic struggle was that U.S. blacks were subjugated within the very armed forces that were supp osed to stand for freedom of all nations. The black soldiers, of course, very much resented this lower class distinction as they bled the same color red as the white soldiers. The heroic actions by many black soldiers during the war began a change of direction in the attitude of whites throughout the country regarding race relations. The U.S. Constitution provided the lawful assurance that non-violent strategies were defensible in court. This allowed for the protests which inevitably led to the awakening to the black plight of many unwary whites who then joined the cause leading to the eradication of racist Jim Crow type laws forever. People, both black and white, were now willing to violate absurd, archaic local segregationist laws because they believed they were abiding and defending a ‘higher law,’ the Constitution. The original objective of the Southern Christian Leadership

Japan Or Brazil Or Kenya post WWII development path Essay

Japan Or Brazil Or Kenya post WWII development path - Essay Example Second, the structural change models have a major shift from moments of subsistence-sector dominated economy to a capitalist-dominated economy. As a result of the structural change, Brazil has benefited immensely from increased investment and government revenue which have been directed towards infrastructural development in the country. In terms of the international dependence revolution, there was a goodness of fit for neocolonial dependence model and dualistic-development thesis because as a result of Brazil’s dependence on rich countries, it has recorded an ever increasing external debt to GDP ratio since 1945, which has resulted in the widening of developmental gap between Brazil and other rich countries like USA and Japan. There has however not been a fit for the false-paradigm model because Brazil’s focus for international relations has been largely centered on neighboring South American countries. Finally, the neoclassical counterrevolution model has explained re asons Brazil continues to be the major foreign investment destination in Latin America as the country has practiced a free market approach backed by a strong public choice approach and traditional neoclassical growth theory. The market-friendly approach has also been used as an avenue for expanding development of local business. After the industrial revolution in the period between 1760 and 1840, most countries had been set on a century long drive of national development, powered by strong industrial awaking till one world war came and then another. The World War II (WW II) thus became a major event that drew most countries aback in terms of development (Bacha & Klein, 1989). As a major panacea of the global economy, Brazil was also affected by events leading to, and after the WW II. Bahca & Klein (1989) however noted that the period after the WW II became a major test case for most countries to quickly recover from the economic setbacks and get back on

The Food Sector of Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

The Food Sector of Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example There is also scope for seeing a wider and diverse range of products apart from the available food products. With average annual sales of 3.5 billion dollars, this sector offers a lot of insights as well as opportunities for strategic marketing. The growth of the food industry in Arab can be seen from the fact that more and more international food organizations are launching their products and services in Saudi Arabia. This can be attributed to the changing food habits of the overall population, increasing demand for diversity in food, etc. The island of oil has seen a gradual shift in the food habits of Arab populations. With the rise in economy and increasing percentage of younger populations, the overall choice and taste for food has changed. More and more population is now opting for outside food outlets, such as restaurants and hotels. As women entrepreneurs and workers are increasing in numbers, home cooked food is being replaced by ordered food. The overall preference of Arab population is shifting towards eating out. This can be seen from the increasing marketing strategies adopted by Arab restaurants. The overall food and drinks purchased by restaurants in Saudi Arabia have seen a 12 percent year on year increase. As more and more people are opting out, the restaurants are also increasing their overall range of food products. Restaurants and hotels in Saudi Arabia have also categorized their food and beverages department according to the target population. Different menus and cuisines are prepared and served for locals as well as tourists in the restaurants. Thus, it can be said that food industry has become a burgeoning sector in Saudi Arabia, provided it is supported by proper marketing and branding activities. However, it is also important to highlight the negative effects of such a change in food preferences. Though outside food is becoming popular as a result of factor such as time saved, convenience, variety etc, it is also true that the overall quality of food is getting compromised. As a result, health concerns among general population are on the rise. Recent government reports have suggested that there has been a rise in obesity and diabetes, basically arising from irregular and unhealthy eating habits. Researchers have also shown that average percentage of obese children have increased in the past five years. Now all of the above facts pose a serious threat on the general health of the Arab population. Thus, it has been important for the government as well as the organizations to educate society in terms of healthy food and healthy lifestyle. Like other organizations in the food sector in Arab, Arzaq also faces few challenges and concerns in terms of marketing its food products. It can be seen that Saudi Arabia has become a hub for international food. Thus, in order to expand its customer base and gain market share as well as brand recognition, Arzaq will have to opt for strategic marketing activities.  Ã‚  

Customer Satisfaction of AVIS Rent Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Customer Satisfaction of AVIS Rent - Case Study Example According to Preis,   ‘High levels of customer satisfaction are important to marketers as both offensive and defensive tools and are capable of creating a lasting competitive advantage (2004). As earlier mentioned, Avis Rent a Car has been a leader in Customer Satisfaction in car rentals for almost a decade now; however, most of the studies are focused on how Avis perform in general and has not showed statistics on how each of the subsidiaries perform in the Avis ranking. Having this in mind, it is vital to measure how customers of different Avis rent a car system performs to satisfy their customers. Since Avis in United States, UK and Australia has found to be widely used by the customers who avail car rental services; it is essential to base this research on these three subsidiaries. With this in mind, the outcome of this research would primarily benefit the management of AVIS to evaluate the services offered by these subsidiaries and determine the contributing factors affe cting the rankings. This will help the management to aid the subsidiaries by applying services to other subsidiaries not only the countries mentioned but in other parts of the worlds with the services that has made the leading subsidiary excel in the ranking to determine the factors . †¢Ã‚  To measure Customer Satisfaction of Avis rent a car system in the United states, UK and Australia. †¢Ã‚  To compare these three subsidiaries in terms of ranking in Customer Satisfaction... The ranking is hypothesized to affect the general view on Avis rent a car system in Customer Satisfaction as it may lead to know the main contributor for its success as a leading brand in car rentals, The Main Aim of the Research: According to Preis, 'High levels of customer satisfaction are important to marketers as both offensive and defensive tools and are capable of creating a lasting competitive advantage (2004). As earlier mentioned, Avis Rent a Car has been a leader in Customer Satisfaction in car rentals for almost a decade now; however, most of the studies are focused on how Avis perform in general and has not showed statistics on how each of the subsidiaries perform in the Avis ranking. Having this in mind, it is vital to measure how customers of different Avis rent a car system performs to satisfy their customers. Since Avis in United States, UK and Australia has found to be widely used by the customers who avail car rental services; it is essential to base this research on these three subsidiaries. With this in mind, the outcome of this research would primarily benefit the management of AVIS to evaluate the services offered by these subsidiaries and determine the contributing factors affecting the rankings. This will help the management to aid the subsidiaries by applying services to other subsidiaries not only the countries mentioned but in other parts of the worlds with the services that has made the leading subsidiary excel in the ranking. Below specific aims will be addressed in the research: To measure Customer Satisfaction of Avis rent a car system in the United states, UK and Australia To compare these three subsidiaries in terms of ranking in Customer Satisfaction To determine the factors affecting the ranking; and To measure the

Security and Integrity of health care information systems Term Paper

Security and Integrity of health care information systems - Term Paper Example Unfortunately, maintaining security and integrity of the information systems and applications is still a challenge to many hospitals and associated organizations that handle patients’ records, even after changeover to electronic storage and operations. In the healthcare industry, different stakeholders such hospitals, governments, insurance companies, pharmaceutical agencies, and the patients have various privileges to the electronic records where necessary, in order to accomplish their duties. Access to the HIS, information exchange, and disclosure of confidential data becomes prone to attack from multiple threats. This paper discusses change in the field of nursing, the use, security, and integrity of health information systems, potential threats to the HIS and EPR as identified in various researches, and their effects. It also discusses some measures to insecurity and poor integrity of health information systems. Keywords: Nursing Informatics, Healthcare Information System, Change Theory, Electronic Patient Record, Medical Identity Theft, Threats, Vulnerabilities, HIPAA, HITECH, Information Exchange, Frauds, Security, Integrity, Privacy, Confidentiality, Authorization, Authentication, Technical And Administrative Safeguards, Information Flow, Audit Logs, Healthcare Organizations, Medical Records, Business Associates, Patients, Stakeholders 1. Introduction With the changes taking place around the globe and especially changes in technology â€Å"informatics is no longer an option for nurses and other health care providers. It is a requirement† (Ball, DuLong &Hannah, 2011, p. 5). The use of computerized information systems in healthcare has undoubtedly increased the efficiency of medical record keeping, but contributed to the risk of security exposure. Sensitive personal and medical information on patients that requires privacy, risks being compromised incase of security breaches on the healthcare information systems. Protecting the healthcare inf ormation systems and data is therefore an important factor in improving healthcare quality. The increasing need for information sharing between the healthcare stakeholders (patients, providers, and payers) and the modern digital trend in record keeping create a need for better security of information. Whenever insecurity of IS exists, unauthorized access, dissemination of information, and operations on data and systems can occur, whose effect could not only affect the patients, but the healthcare providers and physicians decisions. Medical identity theft is one of the major frauds in cases of IS insecurity. Although the EHR pose various benefits to the patients, such that they can routinely review their health records electronically, it’s a fact that numerous people can view the EHR simultaneously. The systems is built on a number of compatible information technology tools, whose corruption or hacking is a lead to healthcare IS breaches. Patients’ information can be st olen for personal gains, or falsified for wrong diagnosis among other effects. Security, privacy, confidentiality, data availability, and integrity are the ethical priorities in EHR. Medical identity theft and other breaches can be detected and prevented under various procedures to secure healthcare information and IS against fraud. Several laws have been enacted and continue to be implemented ways to enforce security in healthcare IS and their content. The HITECH Act and HIPAA security rules are various government legislations that assist in

Inventory management ratio analysis of Ford and GM Essay

Inventory management ratio analysis of Ford and GM - Essay Example The inventory turnover ratio determines the management’s efficiency in converting the available inventory into sales. A low inventory turnover is a bad sign to a company’s performance since it indicates that the company’s products risk deteriorating. The company’s product will diminish in value due to overstaying in the stores. Due to this phenomenon, companies dealing with perishable goods usually have very high inventory turnover (Bull, 78). The average days to sell inventory is a financial measure that gives the willing investors an idea of the duration it takes for converting the available inventory into revenue. Therefore, a company’s performance ratio determines management efficiency in converting the stock into sales. In most scenarios a low average days to sell ratio is desirable. This ratio varies between industries. The average days to sell ratio is calculated as the total cost of inventory divided by cost of sales and the result got from the computation multiplied by 365 days. An average day to sell ratio forms one part of the cash conversion cycle. It represents the conversion raw material into cash. The day’s sales outstanding and the day’s payable outstanding are the other two stages in the cash conversion cycle. By determining how long a company holds on inventory before selling measures the company’s efficiency ratio. The ratio gives the average time it takes for a company’s cash to be tied up. The inventory turnover ratio of Ford is 15.9 times while that of GM is 10.0 times.

Start-up business support Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Start-up business support - Essay Example [2] POVERTY REDUCTION: Since poverty is the offspring of unemployment, the issue of poverty in many homes and communities will be dealt with to a reasonable level as to bring relief to such families, individuals and communities. [3] AREA OF PRIORITY: Apart from the individual or group business ideas, there are some important areas and business ideas we must give priority to ahead of others. these are the areas we believe will impact very positively in the lives of the people of this region. Major among these include, but not limited to: [i] AGRICULTURE: For a long time, this region has expected a programme of this nature to come into being to enable us bring up the matter of food production. food security is important in every community. this region is noted for being endowed with fertile lands, good rain full throughout the year. Other facilities that will aid agricultural activities are dams and river basins for irrigation during the off season of rains. The new government policy on agriculture and food security in the next couple of years us a good motivation to the people in this region to embrace mass production of various agricultural produce and agricultural derivatives. People and young graduates want to go into agricultural businesses, but the snag has been how to go about it. Under this sector, SUBS shall consider entrepreneurs whose business ideas correspond with agriculture and agriculture related projects. In view of this, we tend to give priority attention to the following projects if anyone or organization proposes or presents any of them to us for start-up and support: [1] Mass production of cassava and cassava end products [2] Mass production of wheat and wheat end products [3] Mass production of yam tubers and derivatives [4] Mass production of maize and by products [5] Mass production of rice grains and by products [6] Mass production of cowpea and by products [7] Mass production of groundnuts and by-products [8] Mass production of cotton and by-products [9] Mass production of fish [10] Mass production of poultry [11] Mass production of cattle and by-products There will also be consideration for such agriculture related businesses as production of fertilizer, fabrication and procurement of agricultural equipment and implements, cassava chips and starch, maize starch for the Pharmaceutical industry and other end users. From cassava there shall be extraction and production of ethanol for the industries that use them. This will also extend to the production of various types of gums and stickers. There will be corn, cassava and rice flours for the industries that require them for their products. Also production of vegetable oil, garri processing, textile milling, leather products from sheep, goats and cattle, then soap and detergent from palm fruits and kernels, Cocoa butter and palm kernel cake for export and local use. These shall be the priority areas that will be

Ap English Language Composition Free

Ap English Language Composition Free Response Questions Essay Would the process be worthwhile? It would. According to the Environmental Defense Fund, or EDF, â€Å"†¦ we can solve climate change, invest in a clean energy future, and save billions in imported oil† (Samuelson). Many argue that the United States government cannot afford to become involved in energy initiatives and anti-global warming legislation; to counter, what other alternatives does the nation have? With the typical â€Å"family spend[ing] about $1,900 per year on home utility bills,† energy is costing this nation a fortune (â€Å"Energy Savers†). â€Å"With 2. people ii the average household,† family spending would drop from $1,900 per year to $91. 25 per year (Samuelson). To say our government cannot afford this concept is an inaccurate, false, misguided statement. However, would America’s efforts alone be enough? After all, this is a global issue. The Energy Information Administration states â€Å"the United States, China, Russia, Japan, and India †¦ account for fifty-four percent of the world’s total carbon dioxide emissions†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (graph). In contrast, recent polls express that Americans are not the only ones interested in energy conservation (graph). The â€Å"Gallup Polls conducted in 2007 show that† America, Japan, China, Russia, and India have all attempted to reduce negative environmental impacts by the following: â€Å"using less water in [the] household†, avoiding â€Å"using certain products that harm the environment†, â€Å"voluntarily recycle[ing] newspapers, glass, aluminum, motor oil, [etc. ]†, and some have even involved themselves â€Å"in a group or organization that works to protect the environment† (graph). While Americans, Japanese, Chinese, Indians, and Russians attempt to save money by reducing energy usage, Singapore offers citizens monetary tax cuts on energy efficient cars Webber). Not only does Singapore offer tax cuts to those who keep the environment clean, they also financially punish those who pollute the environment with â€Å"gas-guzzling engines† (Webber). Innovation and inspiration—the combination that makes America unbeatable (Friedman). By drafting energy conservation and anti-global warming legislation, the American government will allow the planet to prosper. Better for the planet, better for the people, better for you—the American government needs to take an active role in promoting a â€Å"green revolution†.

Youth Counseling Essay Example for Free

Youth Counseling Essay The mental and well being of adolescences is issue that has become very important in todays society. When mental health issues are left untreated in the lives of adolescents, this can lead to a number of negative and life changing consequences that will over time debilitate bother the youth and their family. Adolescence is a period in time of physical, emotional, and spiritual growth. Adolescences is divided into three phases: the early stage which is 10 years old to 13 years old and during this stage their will be sudden physical changes in the body because of the onset of puberty. The next phrase is the middle stage which is ages 14 to 16 and during this time in the onset of peer pressure and acceptance. The final stage is the late stage and age group is from 17 to 21. During this time the youth is transiting from being a teenager to becoming an adult. The years are marked by years colleges, the increase on making decisions, and becoming independent. Miller Rollnick, 2002) According to research, during these years the adolescent have several concerns, for instance, privacy, finding friends, being popular, surviving peer pressure, body image, academic pressure from school, dealing siblings, concerns about their futures, and issues in the family. (Miller Rollnick 2002) With all this these concerns of adolescents, it all trigger positive and negative mood swings, stress, depression, risk taking behavior, and acting out. Counseling adolescence during these stages in life be both challenging and rewarding. Adolescent Counseling: Preventive Health One of biggest counseling concerns for adolescences is preventive health counseling. The leading cause for adolescent death is accidents, homicide and suicide. (Stephens, 2006) In addition morbidity is also related to tobacco, drug, and alcohol use, engaging in risky sexual behavior, lack of physical activity and not eating right. According to the American Academy of Physicians, one third of all adolescence engage in some sort of risky behavior. The question has been asked why provided preventive health counseling to adolescence. The following are a widespread of serious and costly adolescence health issues that are preventable: unplanned pregnancies, sexual transmitted diseases, violence, committing suicide, and the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs. A study indicates that that about 25% to 30% of adolescences have been considered to be at risk of serious health outcomes based on risky behavior by the teen. Downs Klein, 1995) It is every common for adolescences to participate in more than one risky behavior because there is a rapid physical, cognitive and emotional development that this age and also many health and mental health arise during this time. According to research, some of the challenges in Adolescent health care are the lack of health insurance and the youth does not have a primary care physician. One study states that adolescences see physicians less that all the other age groups and about 73% of adolescents see a physician at least once a year. Center of Disease Control and Prevention, 2005) Adolescences view the physician as good source to get credible information but many times they are reluctant about informing the doctor about their health issues to due to the confidentially issues. (Akinbami, Gandhi, Cheng, 2003) It is important that doctors and counselor both develop a specific and written confidentially policy in their offices that will help assure the adolescent and parent that issues that are discussed in sessions will not be disclose without their consent. Providing preventive counseling to adolescences can be very difficult, this type of counseling is essential for all youth. (Millstein, Petersen, Nightingale, 1993) It is virtual when providing health counseling, the clinician should be provide a comfortable and confidential place and ask question relevant that will help the clinician identify adolescences who may be at risk for or engaging in risky behavior that will compromise their health. Providing health counseling at the this age is common in adolescences. Merenstein, Green, Fryer, Dovey, 2001) In some studies, it is suggest that professional guidelines are implemented to help improve the delivery of preventive healthcare information to adolescences. (Ozer, Adams, Lusting, Gee, Garber, Garnder, 2005) In preventive health counseling, it has been suggested the counselor or physician should do the following in the screening process: (1) Address the patient with direct and open minded questions. (2) Be an attentive listener and do not interpret the youth while they are talking. 3) Watch all non verbal communication, such as body position, eye movement, and posture. (4) Do not judge the adolescent by their appearance. (5) When the youth maybe using slang, please ask the youth to give and explanation. (Stephens, 2006) Many clinicians think that it is important to add preventive care to their practices. ( U. S. Public Service, 1998) Implementing Preventive Health Counseling is important. Physical Activity and nutrition are preventive health measure that adolescences would receive counseling for. For instance, many clinicians encourage their patients to engage in physical activity at least 30 minutes a day and this will help reduce diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (National Center of Health Statics, 2004) In the sessions, nutrition is also discussed. The youth is asked about their eating habits and how they can improve them. The adolescent would be advised by the clinician to change their diet and consume 5 servings of fruit and vegetables every day and limit their sugar intake. (U. S. Department of Agriculture, 2005) Sexual education is also another preventive measure that used. According to research, there are specific counseling recommendations when it comes to educating adolescences regarding sex. There will be discussion on sexual activity, the number partners, contraceptive use and any history of STDs. (Hedberg, Bracken, Stashwick, 1999) Some counselor use the five A’s strategy when working with adolescences that have tobacco addiction issues and the 5 A’s strategy is ask, advise, assess, assist, and arrange. (Stephens, 2006) Environmental factors in adolescent counseling is not often discussed but it is very important. Preventive counseling for environment factors such include the following not riding the someone who is under the influence of any type of drug or alcohol, do not text and drive, use helmets when riding bicycles, and wearing your seat belt when riding in a car. (Stephen, 2006) Chan Witherspoon (1998) states in their article that preventive health counseling has shown to successful with adolescences with risky behavior. For example, â€Å"Adolescents linked to school based clinic and on campus counselors and health education classes had profound effect on the teen pregnancy rate. College student that completed a risk appraisal questionnaire and that was follow up with feedback was less likely to use tobacco products. (Chan Witherspoon, 1998). There another studies that show that adolescences that received preventive health counseling decreased their risky behavior. (Gans, Alexander, Chu, Elster 1995) Adolescent Counseling: Depression Family Counseling Depression is a treatable condition for adolescents. Depression in the adolescent stage is a significant cause of morbidty for adolescences. (Stephens, 2006) Out 20 adolescents many of the youth show signs of clinical depression. Psychological treatments, drug therapy, and other measures can help alleviate symptoms and help the teen over come depression. † (Morland Bonin, 2013) Some physicians will consider screening a youth for depression if the exhibit the following signs: anger, guilt, missing school, and failing grades. (Son, Kirchner 2000) Researcher stated that treatment of depression is very successful for teen when the parents are involved in the counseling. Family education about depression is a very important components when treating a teens for depression. Ma Stafford 2005) Moreland and Bonin (2013) provided information on how to understand depression and its affects on the moods, thoughts, and behavior can help the teen and their deal with depression in different ways: family members learn about he symptoms of depression and how this will affect the family dynamic and the family will also be educated on how to provide a safe environment for depressed teens. When counseling a treat depression for a adolescent, psychological treatments and talk therapy will help teach the patient and their family to understand what the nature of depression. This will include how to deal with low moods, engage in productive and positive behavior, how manage and maintain relationships with family and friend, how to make wise decisions, problem solving skills, and how to deal with stressful situations that may associate with depression. (Morland and Bonin, 2013) The counseling session will last about 30 to 60 minutes per week with a training therapist. Throughout the session the youth will talk about his or his feelings, emotions, thoughts, and behavior. The counselor and the youth will discuss alternative ways on dealing and coping with depressive symptoms. Morland and Bonin, 2013) When dealing with a adolescent that is in a depressive state, the therapist/counselor needs to have the appropriate training. When a family and choosing a therapist/counselor, it is important that they should consider the person’s education, training and experience with adolescents. (Ma Stafford, 2005) For example, the following questions that family could ask the therapist: :†What type of training or experience do you have treating depression in adolescents? † â€Å"Will the family members be included in some aspect of the treatment? If so, how? (Morland and Bonin, 2013) Another component to the counseling, the youth can be prescribed medication to help deal with depression. Adolescent Counseling: Suicide Suicide in one of leading causes to the mortality in adolescents. (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2000) There are some risk factors that contribute to suicide in adolescents: they are abusing drugs and alcohol, history of depression, and having problems at home and in school. (Bukstein, Brent, Perper, Mortiz, Baugher, Schweers, 1993) According to research, when a youth is having trouble dealing with at difficult situation, they may consider suicide. Another component that leads to teen suicide, is that they have easy access to firearms, drugs, alcohol and cars. According statics, about 30% of teen suicides will involve a firearm and all firearm-related that occur with teens, about 80% are suicides. (Rao, Birmaher, Dahl, Williamson, Kaufman, 1995) There are always warning signs regarding suicide. The signs do not appear just out of the blue. For instance, when a youth withdraws from his family and friends, neglect their personal appearance, they believe speak about being hopelessness, eating habits change, their behavior becomes violent, these just a few warning signs. â€Å"More obvious signs that an adolescent many be suicidal include low self-esteem, and self deprecating remarks. Some teens come right out and talk and write about their suicidal thoughts. † (Hawton, K. , Heeringen, K. (2000). These actions need to be taken seriously and not ignored and help should immediate because these are cries for help. When seeking treatment for suicidal adolescents, it is very important to seek professional help such guidance counselors in schools, crisis centers, or even a pastor. It has been noted that often youth in a depressive state committee suicide. A professional can help by doing the following when dealing a youth that is suicidal: â€Å"An objective, caring listener who can share other more hopeful sides of the picture, help in determining what needs to be changed, finding solutions that arent as permanent as suicide, help to identify the resources needed for these changes, medication for depression when appropriate and Hospitalization a safe place to regain energy and work on problems. † (Hawton, K. , Heeringen, K. (2000). Ethical and legal Issues Related to Counseling Adolescents When counseling adolescents, it is very important to many sure that all ethical and legal guidelines are followed. According to the American Counseling Association, confidentiality, counselor competence, reporting abuse and neglect, and informed consent all require special consideration when counseling adolescents. The ethical and legal conflicts when dealing confidentiality. In some states, the law requires that a counselor maintain the confidentiality of the youth as young as 12 in a school setting; However, in a counseling setting the parents have legal right to all information disclosed in a session regarding child until the age of 18. Ethical codes advise counselors to maintain confidentiality as specified by federal and state laws, but parental rights are upheld by law in most states. † (Herlihy Corey 2006) According to Standard A. 2. a â€Å"all client have the right to inform consent and the freedom to decided to enter and remain in therapy after understanding their rights and responsibilities as well as the responsibilities of the counselor. † (ACA, 2005) When resolving a conflict in counseling, the parents must understand that confidentiality as it applies to their child therapy. Problems arise when a child discloses information in a session that they do not want shared with their parents. But if for some reason the counselor thinks that they child is not danger, it is necessary for the counselor to disclose that information to the parent. But the counselor can use discretion when share this information to the parent. (Lawerence and Kurpius, 2000) When trying to resolve this conflict, the counselor should encourage the adolescent to share information with their parent with the assistance of the counselor. However, if the adolescent is refusing to disclose information to the parent, the counselor needs to try to explain to the youth why it is important to share this information with the parent. (Herlihy Corey 2006) The related code according to ACA Standard B. 2. a â€Å"requires a breach of confidentiality when a the counselor believes such disclousure will protect the client from serious and foreseeable harm. In the case of reporting child abuse, federal and state laws require such reporting by mental health counselors and health professionals. (ACA, 2005) According to law is not a specific competence when come to counseling adolescents. Mental health counselors should have prior education, training, and experience as described in the ACA (2005). The related ethical code in the ACA (2005) Standard c. 2. a states â€Å"that counselors should understand the practice within the boundaries of their knowledge and experience and should not hold themselves out to providing services of which they are not appropriately trained. According to Lawerence and Kurpuis (2000), they stated that inform consent is an agreement between the client and the counselor for the start of therapy and this falls under the jurisdiction of contract law, and in most cases when providing a service to a minor the contact is between the parent the counselor.. The related ethincal code according to ACA Standard A. 2. D states ‘counseling a minor, the counselor must obtain inform consent from the parents or the legal guardian prior to starting therapy with a minor. †